Hethum I.

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Coin with the royal couple Isabel and Hethum I.

Hethum I. (including Halton , Heythum or Het'um ; † around 1271) was from 1226 to 1269 by marriage King of Lesser Armenia .

Life

Hethum was the son of Constantine of Lambron . After the death of King Leon I from the house of the Rubenids, Constantine reigned over the underage Queen Isabel . He married her to Philip of Antioch in 1222 , who made himself unpopular in the country, imprisoned by Constantine and the Armenian barons and finally poisoned in 1226.

In the same year Constantine married Isabel against her will with Hethum, who thereby won the royal throne for his family. He founded the Hethumid dynasty . but had to recognize the supremacy of the Sultanate of the Rum Scheldschuken . In 1243 the family of Sultan Kai Chosrau II fled from the Mongols to the court of Hethum in vain.

King Hethum's brother Sempad traveled to the court of the Mongols in Karakorum in 1246/50 and recognized them as overlords, which ensured the political survival of his house. Via Greater Armenia , where he was recognized as king, Hethum himself traveled to Möngke Khan (d. 1261) in Karakorum in 1252/55 , to whom he undertook to pay tribute and serve in the army . In later years he was under the Ilchanat under Hülegü and Abaqa .

Hethum marked the beginning of the last heyday of the “little Armenian” culture around the centers of Sis and Hromkla , the temporary seat of the Armenian Catholicos in Cilicia . At the end of 1269 he abdicated in favor of his eldest son Leon and retired as a monk to a monastery, where he died before 1271.

progeny

With Isabel he had eight children:

  • Euphemia († 1309) ∞ Julian Garnier , Lord of Sidon and Beaufort;
  • Maria († after 1310) ∞ Guido von Ibelin († after 1270), son of Baldwin of Ibelin , Seneschal of Cyprus;
  • Sybilla († 1290) ∞ Bohemond the Fair (1237–1275), Prince of Antioch, Count of Tripoli;
  • Rita († 1261/62) ∞ Konstantin, Lord of Sarventikar († after 1274);
  • Leon († 1289), king of Armenia;
  • Vacahk († young);
  • Thoros (* 1244; † 1266);
  • Isabella († young).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Claude Mutafian: Visites arméniennes aux souverains mongols (1240-1305). In: Aram Mardirossian, Agnès Ouzounian, Constantin Zuckerman (eds.): Mélanges Jean-Pierre Mahé (= Center de Recherche d'Histoire et Civilization de Byzance. Travaux et mémoires. 18). Association des Amis du Center d'Histoire et Civilization de Byzance, Paris 2014, ISBN 978-2-916716-51-0 , pp. 473-488.

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Philip of Antioch
(de iure uxoris) 		King of Lesser Armenia
(de iure uxoris )
1226–1269 		Leon III
personal data
SURNAME Hethum I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Haiton; Heythum; Het'um
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Lesser Armenia
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH around 1271