Kozan (Adana)
| Kozan | ||||
|
||||
 Kozan (2015) |
||||
| Basic data | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province (il) : | Adana | |||
| Coordinates : | 37 ° 27 ' N , 35 ° 49' E | |||
| Height : | 120 m | |||
| Telephone code : | (+90) 322 | |||
| Postal code : | 01 xxx | |||
| License plate : | 01 | |||
| Structure and administration (as of 2019) | ||||
| Structure : | 103 Mahalle | |||
| Mayor : | Nihat Atlı ( MHP ) | |||
| Postal address : | Tufanpaşa Mah. Hal Sokak. No: 33 01 500 Kozan / ADANA |
|||
| Website: | ||||
| Kozan County | ||||
| Residents : | 130,495 (2018) | |||
| Surface: | 1,903 km² | |||
| Population density : | 69 inhabitants per km² | |||
| Kaymakam : | Şafak Gurçam | |||
| Website (Kaymakam): | ||||
Kozan (formerly Sis , Armenian Սիս Sis ) is a city and a district in the Turkish province of Adana . It is located in the Çukurova , south of the Anti-Taurus , on the left bank of the Kilgen Çayı , a tributary of the Ceyhan . The Kozan Dam is 7 km north of the city . At the end of 2018, the municipality, which has been the same area and population as the district since 2013, had 130,495 inhabitants.
history
The Assyrian name of the city is Sissu . It was founded in 676 BC. Subjugated by Aššur-aḫḫe-iddina .
The ancient name of the city is Sision or Flaviopolis .
In the 9th century Flaviopolis fell to the Abbasids and was fortified by the caliph al-Mutawakkil . After another period of Byzantine rule, the city came under the rule of the Seljuks . In 1107 Thoros I conquered the city, now called Sis , for the principality of Lesser Armenia . In 1187 Sis became the residence of the Armenian kings, from 1294 also the seat of the Armenian Catholicos . The royal palace and cathedral were built on a fortified terrace below the castle . The Sophien Church, built by King Leon I , housed the throne of the kings of Lesser Armenia until the early 20th century .
In 1375 the city was taken by the Mamluks . In the following years the area of the Çukurova , the Cilician plain, belonged to the rulership of the Beys of the Ramazanoğulları (also called Ramazanids or Ramadanids), a Turkmen nomad tribe. These had already penetrated the Cilician plain in the years from 1340 and had seized the cities of Adana and Misis . They were subordinate to the Mamluk sultans, but also leaned against the advancing Ottomans. After Sultan Selim I had subjugated the Mamluk Empire from 1517, the Ramazanoğulları remained governors of the Adana Province under Ottoman rule until the beginning of the 17th century. Sis became the center of a sanjak that was annexed to the province of Cyprus in 1571. From the 18th century, another Turkmen nomad clan, the Kozanoğulları, moved forward from the Taurus , who in the first half of the 19th century were able to establish a so-called Derebeylik in the area of Sis, which was almost independent of the central government . In 1865 their power was forcibly put to an end and members of the ruling clan were deported or resigned to civil servants in other provinces. The nomads began to settle down and the area was organized as Sanjak Kozan. In 1928 the town of Sis was renamed Kozan. Between 1923 and 1926 Kozan formed its own province, but was then attached to the Adana province.
Seat of the Armenian Catholicos
Until the beginning of the 20th century, Sis remained the center of the Armenian Catholic Church of Cilicia , which still exists today, but has been in competition with the Eastern Armenian Catholic Church in Etschmiadzin , which was newly founded in 1441, since the 15th century . At the beginning of the 19th century, the Cilician Catholic had 28 dioceses. After the First World War , the seat of the Catholic was relocated to Antelias in Lebanon for security reasons .
In the 18th / 19th In the 19th century, new churches and an important monastery were built over the ruins of the royal palace and the medieval cathedral on the terrace above the city, in which the Catholicos also resided. At the beginning of the First World War, Sis (then 6000 inhabitants) was a predominantly Armenian town of almost medieval character, but already had three schools. When the Armenians were expelled in 1915, the Catholic church's treasures, especially liturgical books, vestments and utensils, were saved with great effort. The cathedral, churches and monasteries in Sis were subsequently destroyed.
_p153_-_VUE_DE_SIS.jpg)
_p197_TOWN_AND_FORTRESS_OF_SIS.jpg)
Armenian Synods of Sis
Synods of the Armenian Church were held in Sis in 1204, 1243, 1251, 1307, 1342 and 1361. In 1251 a council took place in Sis , in which emissaries from Pope Innocent IV were supposed to convince the Armenians that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son ( Filioque ). Since Rubenide Leon was striving for the Armenian royal crown and needed the support of the Latins , the church union was completed in 1198 . At the Synod of 1307 the changes in the liturgy , which had been the conditions of the union of the Armenian and the Catholic Church, were adopted. These were among others:
- Adding water to wine at the fair ,
- Confirmation by bishops alone,
- Introduction of the anointing of the sick according to the Roman model.
Certain changes aroused displeasure in the churches. Opponents of the Union even murdered a bishop in 1310 because he had mixed water in the altar wine . In 1361 this change in the liturgy of the last synod in Sis was largely withdrawn.
Attractions
The Hoskadem Mosque was built by the Mamluks in 1448 and is a typical example of the Mamluk architectural style. The castle of Sis is another attraction. Cathedral, churches and monastery of the Armenian Catholic have almost completely disappeared. Other nearby attractions include Anavarza Castle and the Karasis Fortress .
Sports
The local soccer club Kozan Belediyespor , which was founded in 1955 and was still called Kozanspor until 1991 , played in the TFF 2. Lig , the third highest Turkish division, for 15 years from 1986 to 2001 . In the summer of 2015, after 14 years of abstinence, the club returned to professional football with promotion to the TFF 3rd Lig , the fourth-highest division in Turkish professional football.
The club hit the headlines in 1997 because of the greatest tragedy in its history. On November 13, 1997, on the way to the away game against Kilisspor near Nurdağı, a traffic accident occurred in which the Kozan Belediyespor team bus was involved. The club president Sami Açıkgöz and the kit manager Hacı İbrahim Sürücü were killed in this bus . In addition, 18 football players and club officials were injured. The Turkish Football Association released the club from relegation this season. So the club stayed in the 3rd league despite the penultimate place in the table. Years after this accident, the club was relegated to the amateur league and only returned to professional football in the summer of 2015.
sons and daughters of the town
- Remzi Oğuz Arık (* 1899, † 1954), Turkish archaeologist and politician
- Onur Güney (* 1982), Turkish soccer player
- Yusuf Halaçoğlu (* 1949), Turkish historian and politician
- Mustafa Fehmi Kubilay (* 1906, † 1930), Turkish teacher and reserve officer
- Ömer Yalçın (* 1983), Turkish football player
literature
- Victor Langlois : Voyage à Sis, capitale de l'Arménie au Moyen Âge . In: Journal Asiatique 5e sér. t. 5 (1855) 257-300.
- E. Lohmann: In the monastery in Sis . R. Urban, Striegau 1905.
- RW Edwards: Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia . In: Dumbarton Oaks Papers 36 (1982) 168-170 Figs. 24-30; 37 (1983) 134-141 Figs. 51-67.
- RW Edwards: The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington DC 1987, 233-237. ISBN 0-88402-163-7
- David Bundy: The Trajectory of Roman Catholic Influence in Cilician Armenia: An Analysis of the Councils of Sis and Adana. In: Armenian Review 45, 4 (1992) 73-89.
- Lévon Nordiguian: La cathédrale de Sis. Essai de reconstitution . In: Raymond Kévorkian [u. a.]. Les Arméniens de Cilicie. Habitat, mémoire et identité . Presses de l'Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth 2012. pp. 52–75.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Türkiye Nüfusu , accessed August 28, 2019.
- ↑ Website of the community (Turkish)
- ↑ Art. "Kozan-O gh ullari" Encyclopaedia of Islam , Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth , E. van Donzel, WP Heinrichs . Brill Online, 2015
- ^ VF Büchner, Art. "Sīs", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth, E. van Donzel, WP Heinrichs . Brill Online, 2015
- ↑ List: Journey of the missionary Joseph Wolff through Asia Minor, Turkestan, Bokhara, Afganistan, Cabul and Caschmire to northern and southern India in the years 1831–1834 . In: Magazine for the Latest History of the Evangelical Missionary and Bible Societies 1837, p. 591.
- ↑ October 14, 1997, Milliyet, p. 31: "Kozan'da matem"
- ↑ kozanbelediyespor.com: "Tarihçe" ( Memento of the original from February 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 1, 2015)
