Court rules

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Court regulations were sets of rules that regulated daily events 'at court', that is, in a castle or the residence of a nobleman .

Historical

Court regulations can be divided into two areas:

  1. economic rules
  • Purchasing and stocking of consumables (food, clothing, etc.)
  • Catering (menu for the various groups of people living on the farm)
  1. behaviour rules
  • Behavior between groups and people

The yard rules were mostly supervised by a ' steward ', whose position comes closest to an administrative specialist for housekeeping . He not only had to ensure compliance with the rules, but was also responsible for the bookkeeping .

In addition to the purely economic aspects, court regulations were also a disciplinary code of rules that were binding for all people living at the court and that were intended to enable conflict- free coexistence.

In the case of violations of the court rules, it was customary to bring the perpetrator to the master of the court. With the increasing complexity of the coexistence of different groups of people with different rights and duties, the court rules became more and more a set of rules that determined the ceremonial above all : who had to show respect for whom, when, how he dressed, etc.

Court regulations were usually set out in writing, but also changed if necessary. In addition to texts with a large number of strikethroughs and amendments, there are also texts from 'one piece'.

Further developments of the yard regulations

Was the Hofordnung initially primarily confined to the house-keeping areas of a court and removed most of the state administration, it was with the Hofordnung the Roman-German king and later Emperor I. Maximilian from 13 December 1497 a Reichshofrat instituted, who as court and arbitration body functioned .

Court orders in the present

Nowadays the budgetary aspect has given way to the 'rules of daily living together'. From the yard rules, the house and yard rules have developed, which are used in particular where many strangers come together in a small space, e.g. B. Schools, youth hostels , parks and much more. Its extreme form is the 'house rules' in tenement houses, which only regulate household activities (floor cleaning, leaf sweeping, snow clearing) to a very limited extent, but which makes coexistence all the more specific (rest periods, hanging out laundry, children's games in the house yard). The place of the nobleman is then either directly taken by the landlord or, in the first instance, by a meeting of tenants. In terms of social history, the ' block warden ' is nothing more than a modern version of a court master.

literature

  • Kern Arthur (Ed.): German court orders of the 16th and 17th centuries . 2 vols. Berlin 1905/07.
  • Werner Paravicini; Holger Kruse (Ed.): Courtyards and court orders 1200 - 1600 (= Residency research 10) . Sigmaringen 1999.
  • Wolfgang Wüst : Hof and Policey. German court orders as media for the exchange of political and cultural norms from the 15th to the 17th century , in: Werner Paravicini / Jörg Wettlaufer (eds.), Model - Exchange - Competition. Courtyards and residences in mutual perception. 11th Symposium of the Residences Commission of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen (Residences Research 23) Ostfildern 2010, pp. 115-134.

swell

Historical

present