Elderberry oil

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elderberry oil, elderberry seed oil
Raw material plant (noun)

Black Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra ) Sambucus canadensis ( Sambucus nigra subsp. Canadensis )

colour

greenish yellow

ingredients
Oleic acid 4-14%
Linoleic acid 34-53%
Linolenic acid 34-42%
Palmitic acid 6-9%
More fatty acids Stearic acid 2–3%, vaccenic acid <1%, arachidic acid <0.5%
properties
density 0.92 kg / l (40 ° C)
Iodine number 162
Saponification number 191
Manufacturing and Consumption

Black elder ( Sambucus nigra ) as a solitary tree
Elderberry inflorescence
Ripe elderberries

Elderberry oil or elderberry seed oil, also known as elder kernel oil (Oleum sambuci ex arillis), is a vegetable oil which is obtained from the seeds of species of the black elder .

The elderberry oil is not the same, because it is obtained from the berries of the red elderberry ( Sambucus racemosa ). The essential elderflower oil (oleum sambuci) is also different .

The berries of the black elder are slightly poisonous due to the small amounts of cyanogenic glycosides they contain and can only be eaten after they have been boiled or fermented, as the glycosides disintegrate when heated and the berries lose their slight toxicity. They also contain fruit acids , polysaccharides , various vitamins and trace elements, as well as lectins , as well as flavonoids and anthocyanins .

The seeds of the elderberries contain u. a. about 22-32% fat with mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids .

Elderberry seed oil

General chemical structure of oils such as elderberry oil. R 1 , R 2 and R 3 therein are alkyl radicals (11%) or alkenyl radicals (89%) with a mostly uneven number of carbon atoms. Like other oils, elderberry oil is a mixture of trieste of glycerine .

Extraction

Elderberry oil is usually obtained from the seeds of the black elder by cold pressing . Often this oil is also a by-product of elderberry juice production . This is because more than 10% of the oil contained in this production can be extracted from the pomace (press residue) left over from this production process.

The elderberry seeds can be extracted enzymatically, the fruits are lightly mashed in water and pectinase added, the skin and pulp of the berries are completely broken down in 2–3 days . Then the remaining seeds can be rinsed with water and dried. If pectinase is not available, the ripe berries can be carefully mashed with water in a blender. Then, by a fine sieve happened , and be flushed to the small seeds from the marrow to separate.

Properties and durability

Elderberry seed oil is often described as a greenish-yellow, characteristic-tart and herbaceous-spicy smelling and tasting oil. The triglycerides of elderberry seed oil contain over 75% polyunsaturated fatty acid residues. In addition, the triglycerides contain saturated fatty acid residues, which represent approx. 6-9% palmitic acid and approx. 2-3% stearic acid derivatives.

use

Cosmetics, pharmacy and medicine

Elderberry oil is mainly used in the cosmetic and medical field, or as a massage oil. It can also be used as an incense .

kitchen

Elderberry oil is suitable for tea drinks, the oil can be used for frying, but also to refine other edible oils. Due to its strong taste, the oil should only be used carefully in doses.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Francisc Vasile Dulf, Ioan Oroian et al .: Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Regiodistribution in Triacylglycerols of Seed Oils of Two Sambucus Species (S. nigra L. and S. ebulus L.). In: Molecules. 18 (10), 2013, pp. 11768-11782, doi : 10.3390 / molecules181011768 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e James A. Duke: Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, 1985, p. 423.
  3. ↑ a b c W. Heimann: Fette und Lipoide (Lipids). Springer, 1969, ISBN 978-3-642-46190-3 (reprint), p. 77.
  4. ^ Johann Georg Krünitz : Economic-Technological Encyclopedia. 105 Theil, Pauli, 1807, p. 94.
  5. ↑ Emil Abderhalden (Ed.): Biochemisches Handlexikon. III. Volume, Springer, 1911, ISBN 978-3-642-88965-3 (reprint), p. 102.
  6. ↑ TK Lim: Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Volume 1: Fruits , Springer, 2012, ISBN 978-90-481-8660-0 , pp. 32–40.
  7. ^ GH Schmelzer, Gurib-Fakim: Plant resources of tropical Africa. 11, Medicinal Plants 1 , Prota, 2008, ISBN 978-90-5782-204-9 , p. 495.
  8. ↑ HG Kirschenbauer: Fats and Oils. Reinhold, 1960, p. 194.
  9. ↑ M. Chouda, W. Jankowski: The occurrence of polyprenols in seeds and leaves of woody plants. In: Acta Biochim. Pole. 52 (1), 2005, pp. 243-53, PMID 15827621 .
  10. ↑ a b Denis Charlebois, Patrick L. Byers u. a .: Elderberry: Botany, Horticulture, and Potential as a Food and Medicinal Crop. In: Jules Janick: Horticultural Reviews. Volume 37, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, ISBN 978-0-470-53716-9 , pp. 213-280, online (PDF; 340 kB, pp. 37 f, 49), on elderberrydepot.com, accessed on 12. November 2017.

Web links

  • Elderberry seed oil on florapower.de, accessed on November 11, 2017.