Honos

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Depiction of Honos
on an aureus of the Emperor Mark Aurel

Honos was the personification of martial glory in ancient Rome .

Honos owned several temples in Rome. The oldest was in 233 BC. Chr. By Quintus Fabius Maximus during the war against the Ligurians donated. At the same time personifications of the Roman virtues appear among the gods such as: Iuventas , youth, honos, honor, virtus , manhood, Victoria , victory and men , reason. Mostly Honos was worshiped together with Virtus, which - as Valerius Maximus reports in his Facta et dicta memorabilia - in 210 BC. Chr. To an objection of Pontifikalkollegiums against the plans of Marcus Claudius Marcellus led to establish a common temple for both. According to the priests, if a miracle were to take place in this temple, it would not be possible to decide which of the two gods should now be sacrificed. Marcellus therefore had his own temple built for Virtus, whereby one could only get into the temple of Honos through this temple. Both temples were financed with the booty from the conquest of Syracuse and the campaigns against the Cimbri and Teutons . Plutarch reports that when making sacrifices for Honos, the head was bare, while when making sacrifices for the other gods, it had to be covered. The public holiday for Honos and Virtus was May 29th. The annual parade of Roman knights began at the Temple of Honos and Virtus , a custom that was celebrated until the 4th century.

In the Res Gestae Divi Augusti of Augustus the temple is mentioned:

The senate donated the altar of Fortuna, who favored my return, in front of the temple of Honos and Virtus at the Porta Capena for my return. There, at his behest, the high priests and the Vestal Virgins were supposed to make an offering every year on the day on which I returned to Rome from Syria under the consulate of Quintus Lucretius and Marcus Vinicius.

Honos is depicted as a youth, optionally with a skewer or an olive branch or a cornucopia. You can see Honos at the Arch of Titus , where he led Emperor Titus in his triumph.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Translation from Augustus, Res gestae - Tatenbericht (Monumentum Ancyranum). Latin, Greek and German. Translated, commented on and edited by Marion Giebel, Stuttgart 1980