Hormogastridae
| Hormogastridae | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hormogastridae | ||||||||||||
| Michaelsen , 1900 |
Hormogastridae is the name of a family of little bristles in the order of the Crassiclitellata (earthworms in the broader sense), of which around 26 species are common in the Mediterranean region.
features
The Hormogastridae usually have a large, cylindrical body without dorsal pores. There are four pairs of bristles on each segment, the side bristles being closer together than the ventral bristles.
The esophagus forms 2 to 3 gizzards between the 6th and 8th segments , and there is another rudimentary gizzard in the midgut in the 15th segment. The animals do not have any calcium glands. The nephridia are well developed.
The clitellum the hermaphrodite is always a saddle shape, ranging from 14 (sometimes 13) to 24 (sometimes 32) segment. The paired, rib-like pubertal tuberosity extends from the 19th (sometimes 27th) to the 24th (sometimes 29th) segment. The pair of male genital orifices is in the 15th segment on the edge of the 16th segment in front of the clitellum. The animals have no prostates. The adiverticulate receptacula seminis (which have no blind sacs) open outwards through inconspicuous paired or numerous openings in the furrows between the 9th and 14th (sometimes 15th) segment.
Distribution, habitat and way of life
The Hormogastridae are distributed in the western Mediterranean in central and eastern Spain , southern France including Corsica , Italy including Sardinia and Sicily, and in Tunisia and parts of Algeria . Like other Crassiclitellates, they are soil dwellers and substrate eater , which digest the organic components of the ingested substrate.
Genera
The family Hormogastridae has around 5 genera with around 27 species (22 of them in Hormogaster ):
- Ailoscolex Bouché, 1969
- Hemigastrodrilus Bouché, 1970
- Hormogaster Rosa, 1887
- Vignysa Bouché, 1970
- Xana Cosín, Briones & Trigo, 1989
literature
- Wilhelm Michaelsen: Oligochaeta: Vermes. R. Friedländer and Son, Berlin 1900. Hormogastridae , p. 446.
- Reginald William Sims (1981): A classification and the distribution of earthworms, suborder Lumbricina (Haplotaxida: Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series 39 (2), pp. 103–124, here p. 108.
- Marta Novo, Rosa Fernández, Sónia CS Andrade, Daniel F. Marchán, LuisCunha, Darío J.Díaz Cosín (2016): Phylogenomic analyzes of a Mediterranean earthworm family (Annelida: Hormogastridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94, Part B, pp. 473-478.