Human ontogenetics

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Human ontogenetics is a system of statements about the development and structure of the individual. As an interdisciplinary model, it aims at the holistic description of the individual, structurally as a biopsychosocial unit and dynamically as the development of the individual from conception to death . The term human ontogenetics is a terminus technicus , derived from the term ontogenesis . Human ontogenetics is not a sub-discipline of genetics .

history

In the early 1980s, Karl-Friedrich Wessel , the behavioral biologist Günter Tembrock , the developmental psychologist Hans-Dieter Schmidt and the physician and endocrinologist Günter Dörner, together with other colleagues, founded the research project "Human Biopsychosocial Unity". Together they developed a theoretical model and a critical approach for interdisciplinary research in the human sciences , thereby establishing a new discipline, human ontogenetics. This led to the establishment of the "Institute for the Philosophy of Science and Human Ontogenetics" at the Humboldt University in Berlin in 1990 , which was converted in 2000 into the Human ontogenetics project. Karl-Friedrich Wessel was and is head of the "Institute for the Philosophy of Science and Human ontogenetics" as well as the "Human ontogenetics project". As part of the Human ontogenetics project at the Humboldt University of Berlin, Karl-Friedrich Wessel has been organizing the "Human ontogenetic Colloquia" every month and an annual "Human ontogenetic Conference", sometimes with colleagues from various disciplines.

In 1997, the Association for Human ontogenetics was founded as a registered association, which was later renamed the Society for Human ontogenetics.

Theory and methodology

The basic premises of human ontogenetics are firstly the possibility of lifelong development from conception to death and secondly the existence of the individual as a biopsychosocial unit.

Human ontogenetics combines elements of systems theory , developmental psychology and behavioral biology into a uniform model. The possibility of lifelong development, the system of competencies, the model of sensitive and critical phases , as well as the ecology of human ontogenesis represent fundamental theoretical concepts of human ontogenetics.

The hierarchical system of competencies makes it clear which structural elements are important when and in what way. The ecology of human ontogenetics studies the environment as a prerequisite for the development of the individual during the entire development in the various states, including special theories such as that of Urie Bronfenbrenner . The sensitive phases in the development are particularly emphasized as constituent moments following the general theory of Konrad Lorenz . Another important characteristic of the way humans exist is seen in the possibility of reflexive availability of time. Anthropologically, humans are defined as temporal beings (homo temporalis). Sovereignty is established as a fundamental, qualitative characteristic of the individual.

Ontogenesis is divided into three phases (three-phase model): maturity phase, performance phase and experience phase. The development of the individual from conception to death is examined more closely with the inclusion of endocrinology and pediatrics for the beginning of development and gerontology and geriatrics with regard to their end.

In methodological terms, human ontogenetics uses u. a. the long-term studies , comparative research and the methods of biographical research . The interdisciplinary work is subject and problem-related. Problematic topics can come from all human sciences and applied disciplines, so far there have been works, for example, on questions of education , nursing, developmental psychology or medicine, etc. Human ontogenetics can be integrative as well as critical-reflexive.

Integration potential and possible applications

Human ontogenetics is not only the result of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary efforts that led to an independent conception, but it also plays or could play an integrative role far beyond the current possibilities, both with regard to the human and life sciences as well as in the applied ones Disciplines. This was shown u. a. for medicine, rehabilitation sciences, nursing sciences (Berlin nursing conferences), educational sciences or sports science,.

literature

  • Thomas Diesner, Michael Ketting, Olaf Scupin, Andreas Wessel (eds.): Human ontogenetics. Interdisciplinary theory and a bridge to practice. Logos Verlag, Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-8325-4240-5 .
  • Dieter Kirchhöfer: Development of the Individual. Subject of the pedagogy: a human ontogenetic approach. (Society and Education, Vol. 10). Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2012, ISBN 3-631-63809-4 .
  • Peter Rummelt: New learning: The social (survival) life in the risk society. On the importance of biopsychosocial competencies in risk sports. Journal of Human Ontogenetics 6 (1). Kleine Verlag, Bielefeld 2003. ISSN  1436-0225 .
  • Jörg Schulz & Karl-Friedrich Wessel (eds.): Rehabilitation and care in the field of tension between development and death. In the midst of the series of publications by the Rehabilitation Center Berlin East Foundation, Vol. 2. Self-published, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-9814923-1-6 .
  • Karl-Friedrich Wessel (Ed.): Berlin studies on the philosophy of science and human ontogenetics. Kleine Verlag, Bielefeld / Grünwald since 1992.
  • Karl-Friedrich Wessel: Human ontogenetics - new considerations on old questions. In: Journal of Human ontogenetics. 1 (1998) (online at: humanontogenetik.de )
  • Karl-Friedrich Wessel: The sovereign human being - sovereignty in human ontogenesis. In: Karl-Friedrich Wessel (Ed.): The future of education and education for the future. Festschrift for the 70th birthday of Dieter Kirchhöfer. Kleine Verlag, Bielefeld 2007. (online at: humanontogenetik.de )
  • Karl-Friedrich Wessel: The whole person. An introduction to human ontogenetics. Logos Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-8325-3996-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Karl-Friedrich Wessel: Human ontogenetics - new considerations on old questions. 1998.
  2. ↑ The Society for Human ontogenetics is registered at the Berlin-Charlottenburg District Court under the register of associations number 17325 Nz on April 25, 1997.
  3. ↑ Hans Nehoda and others: Case Management: Possibilities and chances of biographical methods. On the need for binding ethics in the medical and nursing care of patients. In: Journal of Human ontogenetics. 1 (2007), pp. 7-32.
  4. ↑ Karl-Friedrich Wessel (Ed.): The future of education and education for the future. Festschrift for the 70th birthday of Dieter Kirchhöfer. (Berlin studies on the philosophy of science and human ontogenetics, vol. 23). Kleine Verlag, Bielefeld 2007.
  5. ↑ Karl-Friedrich Wessel among others: The dynamics of the care world. Contributions from the 5th Berlin Nursing Conference on September 3 and 4, 2010 (Berlin Studies on the Philosophy of Science and Human ontogenetics, Vol. 27). Kleine Verlag, Grünwald 2011, ISBN 978-3-937461-39-7 .
  6. ^ Karl-Friedrich Wessel: The sovereign man - sovereignty in human ontogenesis. 2007.
  7. ↑ Günter Dörner among others: Images of man in medicine. Medicine in the images of man. (Berlin studies on the philosophy of science and human ontogenetics, vol. 16). Kleine Verlag, Bielefeld 1999, ISBN 3-89370-318-7 .
  8. ↑ Berlin studies on the philosophy of science and human ontogenetics, vol .: 3; 9; 16; 19th
  9. ↑ Schulz & Wessel 2012
  10. ↑ Berlin studies on the philosophy of science and human ontogenetics, vol .: 22; 24; 27
  11. ↑ Kirchhöfer 2012
  12. ↑ Rumble 2003