Kolpak (hussar hat)

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Officer of the 1st regiment of hunters on horseback of Napoleon's Imperial Guard (painting by Jean Louis Théodore Géricault, 1812)

Kolpak (also Kalpak ) is the name that came from the Magyars via the Ottoman Empire into German for the hussar hats made of fur or, depending on the terminology, just their cloth bags. The Kolpik not dealt with here refers to a fur hat similar to the basic form of the military kalpak, which is worn by family members of the Hasidic rabbis .

With the Magyars, the word kalpag was used to describe a cylindrical fur hat , which was usually decorated with agraffe or heron bush. The Turkish word kalpak generally referred to high hats, regardless of the material they were made of. The cloth bag hanging out of the lid has the same origin as the tip of the grenadier cap . In both cases it is the rest of a soft pointed hat , the so-called camp hat .

Where other branches of arms were based on the hussar uniform, it was also adopted by the hussars (e.g. to this day in the parade uniform of the English riding artillery or the elite companies of the Napoleonic hunters on horseback ). In the armies of Prussia and Saxony, which were equipped with hussars in 1914, only the cloth bag was called a Kolpak, while the headgear was called a fur hat.

German Empire (1914)

  • red Kolpak
  • red Kolpak
  • white Kolpak
  • red Kolpak
  • golden yellow Kolpak
  • madder kolpak
  • ponceau red Kolpak
  • light blue Kolpak
  • cornflower blue Kolpak
  • pompadour red Kolpak
  • white Kolpak
  • madder kolpak
  • ponceau red Kolpak
  • ponceau red Kolpak
  • ponceau red Kolpak
  • purple Kolpak
  • light blue Kolpak

Hessian Army

In the Electorate of Hesse , the two hussar regiments always wore a red Kolpak with their fur hats (replaced the shako in 1846 ).

Austria-Hungary 1914

In Austria-Hungary the hussars did not wear a hat, but a shako . Only the gala uniform of the Hungarian generals and the Royal Hungarian Life Guard were equipped with a fur hat, also known there as a Kalpak.

Turkey

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk with Kalpak during the Turkish War of Liberation .

During the Turkish Liberation War , the Kalpak was part of the uniform of higher officers, but in the course of the western orientation of the young republic ( hat law ) this piece of uniform soon disappeared.

See also

literature

  • The Transfeldt ISBN 3-440-81060-7
  • Herbert Knötel; Uniform studies - The German Army, Hamburg 1982; ISBN 3-440-81053-4
  • DVE No. 317 clothing regulations from May 1899, Berlin 1911

Web links

Commons : Kalpak  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hugo FW Schulz "The Bavarian, Saxon and Württemberg Cavalry Regiments 1913/14" p. 133