Hussar regiment "King Humbert of Italy" (1st Kurhessisches) No. 13

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First head of the regiment : Umberto I, King of Italy

The Hussars "King Humbert of Italy" (1 Kurhessisches) No. 13 was a cavalry joined the Prussian army .

history

The regular troop of the regiment is the “Graf Wartensleben” dragoon regiment set up by Landgrave Karl von Hessen-Kassel in 1688 . This regiment existed until 1806 and was then on leave because Hesse-Kassel was dissolved by Napoleon and most of the country was converted to the Kingdom of Westphalia . When the end of the Napoleonic era began to emerge, on November 22nd, 1813 , Elector Wilhelm I of Hessen-Kassel ordered the establishment of a new body dragoon regiment, which was stationed in Hofgeismar and converted into a hussar regiment in 1821 and renamed Electoral Hessisches 2nd Hussar Regiment received. In 1825 the regiment was given to the Duke of Saxony-Meiningen and from then until 1832 this name was added. In that year the regiment was combined with the 1st Hussar Regiment and formed the Kurhessische Leib-Dragoons Regiment , which existed until 1840. After that it was called the 1st Dragoon Regiment . The last name change in the Hessian Army took place in 1845 to the Hessian Elector's 1st (Body) Hussar Regiment .

In 1866, the Electorate of Hesse did not make much effort in the fight against the North German states. It provided the garrison of the Mainz fortress and, for the rest, waited passively for the war to end. There is therefore nothing spectacular to report about this period.

After the lost war in the course of the federal execution against Prussia and the associated occupation of Kurhessen , the regiment was sworn in to the King of Prussia on October 14, 1866 and incorporated into the Prussian Army as the 1st Hessian Hussar Regiment No. 13 . November 22, 1813 was set as the foundation day. In 1897 King Umberto of Italy was appointed head of the regiment , which from then on was named Hussar Regiment "King Humbert of Italy" (1st Hessian) No. 13 . The last time the name of the regiment was changed in 1902 to Hussar Regiment "King Humbert of Italy" (1st Kurhessisches) No. 13 . After the assassination of King Umberto in 1900, the regiment was given the current King Victor Emmanuel III as chief, without any further name change.

The regiment was garrisoned in Hofgeismar from 1866 to 1875, and in Frankfurt am Main -Bockenheim from 1875 to 1902 , where the regiment had a very close social relationship with the regiment's former association. It was postponed from Frankfurt-Bockenheim because of the behavior of some officers. It was said that “Frankfurt's nightlife would not have been good”. From 1902 to 1905 in Mainz ( Golden Ross barracks ) and from 1905 in Diedenhofen / Mosel. In reality, the move to Mainz was planned.

Franco-German War

During the Franco-Prussian War , the regiment took part in the battles near Wörth and Sedan as part of the 4th Cavalry Division. After the destruction of the French Rhine Army near Sedan, the regiment took part in the enclosure of Paris and was then used from the beginning of October 1870 as part of the association under the Bavarian General von der Tann to secure the siege against the Loire Army . It took part in the battle at Artenay on October 10, 1870 . After taking Orléans the next day, the Prussian 22nd Division went to Châteaudun on October 18, 1870 . Only minor skirmishes ensued over the next few weeks. The attack by the Loire Army to relieve the besieged capital brought further fighting for the regiment, including on December 2, 1870 at Loigny-Paupry and on December 3 and 4 again at Orléans .

Hussars in maneuvers (before 1910)

The subsequent pursuit of the second Loire Army led from December 8-10, 1870 to the Battle of Beaugency . The last major battle then followed from January 10th to 12th, 1871 in the Battle of Le Mans . The regiment was part of the 2nd Army under the command of Prince Friedrich Karl . After the victory at Le Mans, the scattered remnants of the French army were pursued by the four cavalry divisions of the second army. The 13th regiment proceeded in a northerly direction and had operations on January 13 at Ballon (Sarthe), on January 14 at Beaumont-Pied-de-Bœuf (Sarthe) and on January 15 at Alençon . It was then used in patrol and security service and returned to Hofgeismar on July 9, 1871.

First World War

As early as July 29, 1914, reinforced officer patrols of the regiment were deployed on the German-French border. After mobilization, the regiment moved to Lorraine , where it was initially used in border protection. Then it came to Flanders in October as part of the 6th Cavalry Division , where it remained until November 1914. Then the hussars were transported to the Eastern Front and fought there in numerous skirmishes, especially in Russian Poland. In April / May 1915 it was used in the Tauroggen / Memel area.

From July 1915 the regiment served to conquer Courland and was stationed on the Daugava from October to 1917 . In November 1916, the Cavalry Rifle Regiment No. 45 was formed with two squadrons and other units, but it was disbanded in December.

From February 1918, the regiment took part in the occupation of Livonia and Estonia . In April 1918 he was relocated back to Alsace . Here the horses were handed in and after infantry training the regiment was converted into a cavalry rifle regiment. As part of the 6th Cavalry Rifle Division, it was used in July / August at Paschendaele and in September at Cambrai . The relocation to Flanders took place in October.

The losses of the regiment amounted to 19 dead officers and 228 dead NCOs and men; Including deaths from accidents (as of 1921).

During the World War, according to notes in the news for town and country, the regimental staff and the band of the regiment were at least temporarily in Oldenburg. The background is unclear. Presumably detached departments were used as military police both in the garrison and in the surrounding area to reinforce the Grand Ducal Oldenburg Gendarmerie Corps.

Whereabouts

After the armistice, Eupen marched back to Germany. From Hagen it was supposed to be transported by train to Oldenburg , since Diedenhofen was no longer available as a garrison. Due to the chaotic transport conditions, the trip was finally abandoned and the remainder of the regiment entered Oldenburg on foot on December 19, 1918, where, according to a press report , it was received with an arch of honor at the Cäcilienbrücke .

At the beginning of 1919 the unit was demobilized and finally dissolved. A volunteer squadron took part in the protection of the National Assembly in Weimar and was later used in Leipzig against communist insurgents.

The tradition in the Reichswehr was adopted by the 3rd Squadron of the 10th (Prussian) Cavalry Regiment in Züllichau by decree of the Chief of Army Command, General of the Infantry Hans von Seeckt , on August 24, 1921 .

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Steinrück von der Mark 1866 to 1867
major Wilhelm von Heuduck November 21, 1867 January 13, 1868
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Wilhelm von Heuduck January 14, 1868 to August 15, 1873
von Lützow called von Dorgelow 1873 to 1875
from Plötz 1875 to 1877
from Bülow 1877 to 1883
Franz von Niesewand 1883 to 1888
Moritz von Bissing 1888 to 1894
from Quast 1894 to 1896
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Georg von Alten June 16, 1896 to October 17, 1900
Colonel Matthias Hans Ludwig von Blumenthal 1900 to 1906
Lieutenant colonel Ernst Hoeppner 1906 to 1908
Hans von Heuduck 1908 to 1913
Major / Lieutenant Colonel from the Busche-Haddenhausen April 18, 1913 to
Freiherr von Reitzenstein July 4, 1916 to
Moser April 1, 1918 to
from Linsingen May 20, 1918 to
major Kurt Otto Paul Eduard von Lewinski October 27, 1918 to
Rittmeister Georg Ilsemann 1919

uniform

As a Leib-Dragoon Regiment in 1840

The Kurhessischen Hussars wore a cornflower blue Attila with white lacing and gray fur trim . On the armpit cords there was a white-metal U with a crown, on the armpit tabs a red U with a crown. The head is covered a fur hat from was sealskin worn. This had metal scale bands and a white metal so-called "fatherland bandeau" attached to the front. The inscription read: "With God for King and Fatherland". On the left side was the so-called Kolpak (hat bag) made of ponceau-red cloth. A bush of white hair was tucked in above the national (cockade). Crews wielded tubular steel lances with black and white lance flags, NCOs wielded white lance flags with a black Prussian eagle. A monetary gift from the namesake with the purpose of buying additional fur parts for the uniforms was instead used for an aid fund for NCOs and men.

Already ordered by AKO on February 14, 1907 and gradually introduced from 1909/10 on the occasion of the imperial maneuver in 1913, the colorful uniform was first replaced by the field-gray field service uniform (M 1910). This was completely like the peace uniform; however, the lacing was gray. The leather gear and the boots were natural brown, the fur hat was covered by a fabric cover called reed-colored. The bandolier and the cartridge were no longer applied to this uniform.

literature

  • Hugo FW Schulz: The Prussian Cavalry Regiments 1913/1914. Weltbild Verlag 1992. Podzun-Pallas Verlag 1985. 197S. OCLC 16076458
  • Max Hein: The Little Book of the German Army. Publishing house by Lipsius and Tischer. Kiel 1901. 20S. OCLC 251015186
  • Jürgen Kraus: The German army in the First World War. Stefan Rest (Ed.) Ingolstadt 2004. 632S. OCLC 219213550
  • Georg Ilsemann 1921: Hussar Regiment King Humbert of Italy (1st Kurhess.) No. 13. Compiled from regiment diaries and own records. Memorial sheets of German regiments. Oldenburg i. O./Berlin. Gerhard Stalling 1921. OCLC 251073373
  • Georg Ilsemann 1936: We 13th Hussars in the World War 1914/18. Regimental history in individual representations. OCLC 251073389
  • 1913: Centenary of the Hussar Regiment King Humbert v. Italy (1. Kurhessisches) No. 13: on August 15th, 16th and 17th, 1913 in Diedenhofen; Time allocation for the holidays and list of participants. Minjon, 1913, 63 pages. OCLC 72584891
  • The 13th Hussar: News sheet for the members of the former Hussar Rgts. King Humbert v. Italy (1. Kurhess.) No. 13. u. for the members of the traditional unit. Munich 1940–1943. Ed .: Traditional Association of Hussars Regiment No. 13 in the NS-Reichskriegerbund OCLC 183286656
  • Friedrich E. Metzler: History of the Hussar Regiment King Humbert of Italy: (1. Kurhess.) No. 13: in memory of d. Jubilee 1913 u. for use d. Teams d. Minjon Regiment , 1913, 191 pages OCLC 163133493
  • Felix Kühls: History of the Royal Prussian Hussar Regiment King Humbert of Italy (I. Kurhessisches) No. 13. For the centennial foundation day. Publisher Herman Minjon. Frankfurt am Main 1913.
  • Short note about the entry of the regiment in Oldenburg in the news for town and country , issue of December 20, 1918.
  • Henning Roet de Rouet: Frankfurt am Main as a Prussian garrison from 1866 to 1914 . Frankfurt am Main 2016.

painting

Rudolf Gudden , title: Bockenheimer Hussars in Maneuvers, around 1890, very large oil painting (approx. 2.30 meters by 1.40 meters). Privately owned.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Henning Roet: Frankfurt as a garrison town between 1866 and 1914. With a special view of the town's war clubs . S. 117. In: Robert Bohn, Michael Epkenhans (Ed.), Garrison towns in the 19th and 20th centuries. Bielefeld 2015, ISBN 3739510161 , pp. 109–118.
  2. ^ Ernst Nebhut / Ferry Ahrlé : Frankfurter Streets and Squares . Frankfurt 1974.
  3. ^ Alfred Börckel : Mainz as a fortress and garrison from Roman times to the present . Published by J. Diemer, Mainz 1913.
  4. ^ Roet de Rouet, Henning: Frankfurt am Main as a Prussian garrison from 1866 to 1914. Frankfurt am Main 2016. S. 2011f.
  5. ^ Roet de Rouet, Henning: Frankfurt am Main as a Prussian garrison from 1866 to 1914. Frankfurt am Main 2016. P. 213