1st Badisches Leib-Dragoons-Regiment No. 20

The first Badische body Dragoon Regiment. 20 was a cavalry joined the Grand Ducal Baden Army . The regiment, established in 1803, became part of the Baden contingent in the Prussian Army in 1871 and was disbanded with this in 1919.

history

Dragoons exploring, around 1908

On February 28, 1803, the margraviate of Baden received parts of the territory of the Bavarian Electoral Palatinate ( Electorate of Baden ). This expansion of the territory also involved the takeover of a former Palatinate-Bavarian Chevaulegers - Eskadron . It was given the designation Light Dragoon Squadron and garrisoned in Heidelberg . By electoral order of January 28, 1804, this squadron was topped up with three newly established squadrons to form the light dragoon regiment and relocated to Bruchsal on December 26, 1807. On November 22, 1809, the regimental commander Colonel Karl von Freystedt became adjutant general of the cavalry and regiment owner . It was now called Dragoon Regiment "von Freystedt" No. 1.

After the end of the Wars of Liberation , the regiment was assigned as garrisons in Bruchsal, Mannheim and Schwetzingen in 1815 . By order of April 12, 1830, the regiment was given its new name Dragoon Regiment "von Freystedt" No. 2.

During the revolution of 1848/49 almost all cavalry units in Baden deserted and joined the rebels. After the unrest had been put down, the mutinous groups were disbanded. Only the 4th Squadron of Regiment "von Freystedt" No. 2, which was stationed in the Bavarian fortress of Landau in 1848 , had not mutinied. With the exception of this squadron, the regiment was disbanded on July 14, 1849 and formed the armed 1st rider depot.

On February 1, 1850, the association was reorganized as the 1st cavalry regiment to four squadrons and on January 10, 1855 was named 1st Dragoons Regiment . The association was renamed on September 20, 1856 on the occasion of the wedding of Grand Duke Friedrich I with Princess Luise of Prussia in (1st) Leib-Dragoon Regiment . After the military convention with Prussia, the association was named 1st Badisches Leib-Dragoons Regiment No. 20 on July 1, 1871 . On April 1, 1887, the regiment moved its last garrison to Karlsruhe. With the 2nd Badischer Dragoon Regiment No. 21 , the association formed the 28th Cavalry Brigade .

Campaigns and fighting

Coalition wars

Memorial of the Leibdragoner in Karlsruhe

During the coalition wars , the regiment took part on the French side in the fighting in Pomerania against Prussian and Swedish associations. In 1809 it fought against Austrian troops advancing to Vienna . In the campaign against Russia in 1812 there was no major combat activity. In 1813 the Dragoons fought on the French side for the last time in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig .

From 1814 the regiment took part on the side of the coalition against France in the battles near Pfalzburg , Lützelstein , Bitsch and the enclosure of Strasbourg .

German war

During the German War , the regiment was used in the association of the VIII Federal Army Corps in the federal execution against Prussia in the battles near Hundheim and Gerchsheim in 1866 .

Franco-German War

In the war against France , the regiment was initially involved in the capture of Haguenau on August 4, 1870 and then took part in the siege of Strasbourg from August 10 to September 27 . In December the regiment took part in the battle at Nuits . As the war continued, the dragoons were used in reconnaissance and patrol service in France.

First World War

After the mobilization at the outbreak of the First World War , the regiment was initially deployed to reconnaissance services in France in August 1914 and then took part in the advance to the Rhine-Marne Canal . After the withdrawal order in September, the regiment took part in the race to the sea and was deployed on the right wing of the 1st Army until the end of October and then in the area of the new 4th Army . In November the association moved to the Eastern Front with partly cavalry and infantry operations. It was fighting in Russian Poland , near Lodz , near Brzezyny in northern Poland, in Courland and Lithuania . In 1916 the regiment on the Daugava went into position warfare. The association was then transferred to the Danish border for protection and was then entrusted with the same task at the Belgian-Dutch border from September 1917 to March 1918. From March to November 1918 it was used for security and police services in the rear front area.

Whereabouts

After the end of the war and the march back home, the regiment in Eppingen was demobilized and dissolved by September 30, 1919.

The 3rd squadron of the 18th cavalry regiment of the Reichswehr in Ludwigsburg took over the tradition . In the Wehrmacht , the anti-tank department 35 in Karlsruhe continued the tradition.

Regiment chief

The regiment chief: Grand Duke Friedrich II of Baden (in the uniform of his body grenadiers, the other body regiment of Baden )

Until 1871, the regiment chiefs were designated as owners.

Rank	Surname	date
Colonel / Lieutenant General	Karl von Freystedt	November 22, 1809 to April 11, 1830
General of the cavalry	Maximilian of Baden	April 12, 1830 to September 19, 1856
Colonel General	Friedrich I of Baden	September 20, 1856 to September 28, 1907
General of the Cavalry / Colonel General	Friedrich II of Baden	September 28, 1907 until dissolution

Commanders

Rank	Surname	date
Major / Lieutenant Colonel	Friedrich von der Goltz	July 15 to November 3, 1871 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Friedrich von der Goltz	0November 4, 1871 to November 11, 1878
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Hermann von Brünneck	November 12, 1878 to March 11, 1881
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Arthur von Frankenberg and Proschlitz	March 12, 1881 to February 10, 1886
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Emil von Beulwitz	February 11, 1886 to November 18, 1889
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Franz von Schmidt	November 19, 1889 to May 13, 1894
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Friedrich von Bernhardi	May 14, 1894 to September 9, 1897
major	Wolfgang von Unger	September 10, 1897 to August 17, 1898 (in charge of the tour)
Major / Lieutenant Colonel	Wolfgang von Unger	August 18, 1898 to October 17, 1900
Lieutenant colonel	Ludwig von Schack	October 18, 1900 to April 17, 1903
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Max von Baden	April 18, 1903 to July 9, 1907
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Georg Thumb from Neuburg	July 10, 1907 to February 19, 1912
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel	Leopold von Geßler	February 20, 1912 to November 12, 1914
Colonel	Hugo von Loen	November 13, 1914 to February 1, 1915
Lieutenant colonel	Wilhelm Marschalck von Bachtenbrock	0February 2, 1915 to February 28, 1918
Lieutenant colonel	Ernst von Rathenow	0March 1, 1918 to February 6, 1919
Lieutenant colonel	Eduard von Rotberg	0February 7 to September 30, 1919

uniform

Badische Dragoon helmet with parade bush around 1910

Under the Empire, the dragoons wore a cornflower blue tunic with Swedish lapels and ponceau red badges . Cuffs, collars, epaulette fields or shoulder flaps as well as advances were badge-colored. There was an embroidered yellow crown on the epaulettes and a tombac crown on the epaulettes . The buttons and fittings were made of nickel silver . A white bandolier with a black cartridge ran from the left shoulder to the right hip . The bandolier and cartridge were not worn with the evening suit and formal suit. The pimple hood was decorated with the Baden griffin in nickel silver. The scale chains and the tip of the helmet were made of tombac. A white (for the musicians a red) horsehair bush was put on for the parade. The national cockade was yellow-red as was the team's lance flag. The non-commissioned officers' lance flag was yellow with a red Baden griffin. The waist strap was white and had a simple pin buckle. The pants were charcoal gray.

According to AKO of February 14, 1907, the field gray uniform M 1910 was introduced in the entire army from 1909/10 onwards for field service. In this uniform, the straps and boots were natural brown, the helmet was covered by a reed-colored cover. The bandolier and cartridge were no longer worn.

Personalities

War volunteers:

Hugo Knittel (1888–1958), sculptor from Freiburg, volunteered for service in the regiment in 1915
Nicola Moufang (1886–1967), lawyer and art historian , volunteered for service in the regiment in 1914
Eugen Moufang (1889-1967), lawyer and resident attorney, volunteered for service in the regiment in 1914
Franz Moufang (1893–1984), lawyer, cultural advisor, justice of the peace and art collector, volunteered for service in the regiment in 1914
Wilhelm Moufang (1895–1989), lawyer, astrologer, author, art collector, volunteered for service in the regiment in 1914

literature

Claus von Bredow : Historical ranking and master list of the German army. Part II, Verlag August Scherl, Berlin 1905, pp. 650–651.
F. v. Ernest, K. v. Regenauer: History of the 1st Baden Leib-Dragoon Regiment No. 20, 1908-1918. Volume 2 (= memorial sheets of German regiments. Units of the former Prussian contingent . Volume 133 ). Stalling, Oldenburg iO / Berlin 1925. Available online: digitized version of the Württemberg State Library .
Hans-Joachim Harder: Military history handbook Baden-Württemberg. Published by the Military History Research Office , Kohlhammer , Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-17-009856-X .
Jürgen Kraus : The German Army in World War I: Uniforms and Equipment. 1914 to 1918. Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2004 (= catalogs of the Bavarian Army Museum, 2), ISBN 3-9501642-5-1 .
Hugo FW Schulz: The Prussian Cavalry Regiments 1913/1914. Podzun-Pallas Verlag, Friedberg 1985, licensed edition Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-89350-343-9 .

Individual evidence

^ Hans-Joachim Harder: Military History Handbook Baden-Württemberg. Edited by the Military History Research Office, p. 104.
^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 3: The occupation of active regiments, battalions and departments from the foundation or list until August 26, 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 , p. 81.
^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 3: The staffing of active regiments, battalions and departments from the foundation or list up to August 26, 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 , p. 82.
↑ Heinz Spath: sculptor Hugo Knittel. circa 1956.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Heidelberg City Archives

[1] Hans-Joachim Harder: Military History Handbook Baden-Württemberg. Edited by the Military History Research Office, p. 104.

[2] Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 3: The occupation of active regiments, battalions and departments from the foundation or list until August 26, 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 , p. 81.

[3] Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 3: The staffing of active regiments, battalions and departments from the foundation or list up to August 26, 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 , p. 82.

[4] Heinz Spath: sculptor Hugo Knittel. circa 1956.

[Stadtarchiv-5] Heidelberg City Archives