Westphalian Uhlan Regiment No. 5

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Rider of the Westphalian Uhlan Regiment No. 5, 1889, chromolithography based on a template by Emil Hünten

The Westphalian Uhlan Regiment No. 5 was a cavalry regiment of the New Prussian Army Organization of the Prussian Army . The Lancers - Regiment was on March 7, 1815 in Dusseldorf donated and in the same day Ospern in Luxembourg formed. It existed until October 1, 1919.

history

The regiment was formed during the Wars of Liberation on March 7, 1815, when Napoleon Bonaparte had left his exile on Elba on March 1, 1815 and was about to assemble a new army with which he gathered in the summer campaign of 1815 against those in the Congress of Vienna Powers could intervene again in political events. The Uhlan Regiment was formed from one squadron each of the Silesian Uhlans , the Brandenburg Uhlan Regiment and the Bergische Hussars . After the regiment was initially used in the border guard, it received its baptism of fire in the battle of Ligny . It also took part in the Battle of Wavre and moved with the III. Corps of the Lower Rhine Army under the leadership of Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher in the direction of Paris . On October 31, 1815, the Kingdom of Prussia withdrew the unit to a garrison in the province of Silesia .

Construction and leveling plan on enlargement of the city of Dusseldorf , 1854. The built until 1822 Reiter barracks of Westphalia Lancers No. 5 and . 2. Westphalian Hussars 11 are in the right half plan as a large building square to detect.
Depiction of the “Ulanen barracks” on Roßstrasse in a city map from 1909

On June 29, 1822 the regiment, which was subordinate to the VII Army Corps , the 14th Division and the 14th Cavalry Brigade together with the 11th Hussar Regiment , was stationed in the Düsseldorf garrison. Their cavalry barracks, which were built by Gottfried Bandhauer until 1822 , were located between Kavalleriestraße (today Jürgensplatz) and Neusser Straße . When insurgents erected barricades in Düsseldorf in the course of the German Revolution and the Reich constitution campaign on the night of May 9th to 10th , parts of the regiment were deployed against the revolutionaries. The following day, a similar mission was repeated in neighboring Neuss .

In the German War of 1866, the regiment took part in the operations of the Elbarmee as a mounted unit of the 14th Division , taking part in the capture of Dresden without a fight, as well as in the Battle of Münchengrätz and the Battle of Königgrätz . The subsequent advance led to the gates of Vienna .

Skirmish between riders of a Prussian Uhlan regiment and French infantry soldiers , painting by Emil Hünten

As part of the 7th Cavalry Brigade of the 5th Cavalry Division , the regiment took part in the war against France in 1870/71 and operated in an area between Cambrai and Bapaume in the north, Dieppe in the west and Rouen , Beauvais and Mondidier in the South. It was involved in the battles at Colombey , Noisseville , Amiens , Bapaume and Saint-Quentin, among others .

At the end of the 19th century, the regiment was in the Uhlan barracks on Roßstrasse, today the location of the State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia . In 1890, parts of the regiment moved to a new 10-hectare barracks site in Düsseldorf- Derendorf , which is surrounded by Roßstrasse, Johannstrasse, Ulmenstrasse and Tannenstrasse. For the construction of the new cavalry barracks of the Uhlans, a sum of 400,000 marks was earmarked in the 1880/81 Reich budget.

On the occasion of the Boxer Rebellion , from July 1900, some officers and men of the regiment took part in a punitive expedition to China (East Asian Expeditionary Corps ). The same happened during fighting in German colonies in Africa .

To form the Jäger Regiment on Horses No. 8 , the regiment had to surrender the 4th Squadron on October 1, 1913.

When the First World War broke out in 1914 , the regiment was transferred to the Elsenborn military training area. Like the 2nd Westphalian Hussar Regiment No. 11, it was incorporated into the 14th Cavalry Brigade of the 9th Cavalry Division . On August 4, 1914, the advance to the Belgian border began, which was crossed at Francorchamps. On August 24, 1914, the advance across the French border took place, which led to Beton-Bazoches . Retreat skirmishes threw the unit back behind the Aisne via Soissons . At the end of October 1914, the regiment was brought into position as an army reserve at Tourcoing and on November 6, 1914, it was transferred to the Eastern Front in Hohensalza . Until January 1915 it took part in battles near Zichlin . In the summer of 1915 the advance over the Vistula took place . In September 1915 the regiment fought in the battle of Vilna . After the regiment had participated in the positional war between Swir and Naratsch between the end of October 1915 and mid-February 1916 , it was sent to a period of rest until mid-August 1916, which it spent in the Plock , Lipno and Rippin area , before being transferred to the Stochid become. On March 19, 1918, the transfer to the Zossen military training area began and on April 14, 1918, the transfer to the Western Front in the area of Maubeuge . At Saint-Souplet , the regiment supported the trench warfare in the early summer of 1918 before it was transferred to the front section at Sainte-Marie-à-Py on July 7, 1918 , whereupon it was given a period of rest again. Thereafter, until mid-August 1918, a deployment in the Soissons front section as an intervention force of the Jäger Division took place . Until the beginning of September 1918, it then took part again in fighting at Soissons. After another period of rest in the Laon area , the unit was relocated to the front section at Suippes on September 22, 1918 , where it took up position at Pontfaverger on October 6, 1918 . In October there was another deployment in the Rethel section of the front , which the regiment left during retreat skirmishes in November in order to march back shortly after the Compiègne armistice on November 13, 1918.

The regiment reached Potsdam from Neunkirchen in mid-November 1918 by rail . On December 9, 1918, it was relocated from Potsdam to Steglitz and, as part of the Guard Cavalry Rifle Division, was sworn in to the new Reich government shortly afterwards . After the regiment was initially relocated to Nikolassee via Blumberg on December 23, 1918 , it was used the next day as a combat reserve against mutinous sailors . Further operations against insurgents and Spartakists followed until March 12, 1919 . Then it was relocated to Großbeeren , Kleinbeeren and Genshagen and on April 27, 1919 it was relocated to the Munich area , where the regiment also took part in operations against insurgents. After six weeks it was ordered back to Berlin and housed at Strausberg , Wilkendorf and Garzau . After the Guard Cavalry Rifle Division had been disbanded at the end of July 1919, the remnants of the Westphalian Uhlan Regiment No. 5 were incorporated into the 1st Battalion of the Reichswehr Rifle Regiment 61 on October 1, 1919 Düsseldorf was relocated.

Regiment chief

On March 23, 1842, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV appointed Duke Adolph von Nassau as head of the regiment , who held this position until his death in 1905.

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Karl Ludwig von Zastrow March 29, 1815 to October 29, 1825
Colonel Georg Karl of Hesse March 30, 1826 to February 11, 1827 (responsible for the tour)
Lieutenant colonel Heinrich von Wedel March 30, 1827 to March 29, 1829 (responsible for the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Heinrich von Wedel March 30, 1829 to August 17, 1837
Lieutenant colonel Karl Vitzthum von Eckstedt August 18, 1837 to April 6, 1842
Lieutenant colonel Hans-Georg von Hochwächter 0April 7, 1842 to June 30, 1843
Lieutenant colonel Reinhard zu Solms-Laubach 0July 1, 1843 to January 15, 1844 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Reinhard zu Solms-Laubach January 16, 1844 to August 23, 1848
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Heinrich von Randow August 24, 1848 to August 12, 1853
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Edwin von Manteuffel 0October 1, 1853 to December 17, 1856
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Ferdinand von Rohr 0January 8, 1857 to April 12, 1861
major Eugen von Richthofen April 13 to July 28, 1861 (in charge of the tour)
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Eugen von Richthofen July 29, 1861 to June 12, 1867
major Egmont von Reitzenstein June 13 to August 19, 1867 (entrusted with the tour)
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Egmont von Reitzenstein August 20, 1867 to October 15, 1873
Lieutenant colonel Louis von Lützow October 16, 1873 to February 16, 1874 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Louis von Lützow February 17, 1874 to October 13, 1882
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Georg von Schnackenberg October 14, 1882 to December 3, 1888
Dignity. Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Constantin von Bayer-Ehrenberg 0December 4, 1888 to June 16, 1893
Lieutenant colonel Waldemar von Rochow June 17, 1893 to May 19, 1896
Lieutenant colonel Hans von Dittmar May 20, 1896 to June 14, 1898
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Ferdinand von Brühl June 15, 1898 to April 17, 1903
Lieutenant colonel Georg von Bodecker April 18, 1903 to July 17, 1905
Lieutenant colonel Raimund of Pelet-Narbonne July 18, 1905 to February 17, 1908
Colonel Oskar von Frankenberg and Proschlitz February 18, 1908 to May 16, 1910
Lieutenant colonel Iwan von Mackensen May 17, 1910 to March 19, 1911
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Adolf von Normann-Loshausen March 20, 1911 to December 25, 1914
Major / Lieutenant Colonel Adolf of Carnap December 26, 1914 to September 4, 1918
major Carlo von Hanstein 0September 5, 1918 to April 1919
major Curt von Goßler April 30th to September 30th 1919

Known other members of the regiment

Festival

In 1890, under the title Festival of the Westphalian Uhlan Regiment No. 5, a festival was staged in Düsseldorf to celebrate its 75th anniversary . The Russian captain a. D. and playwright Edmund Henoumont (1831-1910) and which describes the founding situation of the regiment in a humorous moral image. The play takes place in June 1815 in the living room of a farmhouse on the Belgian-Luxembourg border. It features two Bergische Hussars, who consider themselves to be Must Prussians , as well as a Brandenburg and a Silesian Ulan. All have been appointed to form the new Uhlan regiment.

Ulanenkmal

Ulanendenkmal with an arch of the Oberkassel Bridge in the background, photo taken around 1929
Ulanendenkmal today, photo from 2012

In 1925, shortly after the occupation of the Ruhr , during which Düsseldorf was the headquarters of the French occupiers, an initiative by former Uhlans was initiated to erect a memorial for fallen comrades in Düsseldorf. This initiative was led by Major General Adolf von Normann-Loshausen (1864–1927), the last regimental commander before the First World War. A location on Napoleonsberg in the Düsseldorf Hofgarten , which was initially considered, met with resistance from the city’s Hofgarten and Cemetery Committee. Then the planners considered a location on the Rhine in front of the museum complex at the Ehrenhof . A first draft, which a monument commission had Wilhelm Kreis develop for it, was not approved by the Uhlans. Finally, the sculptor Richard Langer was awarded the contract to design an equestrian monument . This design consists of a simple shell limestone stele , on the 15.5 meter high top of which the 1673 kg heavy bronze sculpture of a lance rider armed with a lance is mounted on a climbing steed. The execution of the order, which cost around 40,000 marks, went to the companies Ernst Sandvoss from Düsseldorf, Steinindustrie C. Vetter and Düsseldorfer Bronzeguß . The war memorial was ceremonially inaugurated on May 26, 1929 . Franz von Papen held ceremonial speeches as honorary chairman of the monument commission and the “Association of Former 5th Uhlans” and Robert Lehr as mayor of Düsseldorf.

literature

Web links

Commons : Westfälisches Ulanen-Regiment Nr. 5  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 3: The occupation of the active regiments, battalions and departments by the foundation or listing up to August 26, 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 , pp. 160–161.
  2. ↑ Edmund Henoumont: Festival of the Westphalian Uhlan Regiment No. 5 to celebrate its 75th anniversary . Düsseldorf 1890 ( digitized version )
  3. ↑ Loretana de Libero: Vengeance and Triumph. War, Feelings and Remembrance in the Modern Age . De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-486-71348-0 , p. 146 ( Google Books )