King's Uhlan Regiment (1st Hannoversches) No. 13

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Standard of the regiment without the regiment holder's blue and white banner

The Königs-Ulanen-Regiment (1. Hannoversches) No. 13 was an association of the heavy cavalry of the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1914 it belonged to the 19th Cavalry Brigade (Colonel v. Manteuffel, Hanover) in the 19th Division (Lieutenant General Hofmann, Hanover) in the X. Army Corps (General of the Infantry von Emmich, Hanover)

Regimental history

For the 100th anniversary of the regiment on December 19, 1903;
Postcard with artist's signature

After the lost German War of 1866, the Kingdom of Hanover was annexed by Prussia. With the enlargement of the area, according to the understanding of the time, an increase in the army became necessary. Therefore, new troops were set up in the annexed areas, including the later King Uhlan Regiment (1st Hannoversches) No. 13 .

With AKO of September 27, 1866 (this date was set as the foundation day with AKO of August 25, 1887) the formation of a line lancers regiment with garrison in Hanover was ordered. To do this had to submit:

With AKO of October 3, 1866 it was named "Uhlan Regiment No. 13"

In 1867 a 5th Escadron was set up.

On September 13, 1889, Kaiser Wilhelm II took over the position of owner as King of Prussia and gave the regiment its final name, Königs-Ulanen-Regiment (1st Hannoversches) No. 13

Around 1890, the regiment was granted the exclusive right by Kaiser Wilhelm II to “ carry out the old presentation and parade marches of the former Hanoverian Garde du Corps on special occasions.” Wilhelm, who in front of officers “in the monarchical state ” described the tradition as “the state greatest support ", wanted to replace the formerly only possible" nobility [... by] birth "with the" nobility of convictions "," which has animated the officers' corps at all times " through such alleged continuity .

It continued the tradition of the “Royal Hanoverian Regiment of the Garde du Corps”, which was derived from the “1. heavy Dragoon Regiment “of the King's German Legion of British King George III. and Elector of Hanover had emerged.

Uniformity

Peace uniform

The regiment wore the typical Prussian Uhlan uniform, consisting of dark blue ulanka , athracite-colored riding breeches, cavalry boots and the Tschapka .

  • The Tschapka was fitted with tombac-colored fittings . Scale chains, plus a guard eagle with a guard star and the currency ribbon with the inscription: PENINSULA - WATERLOO - GARZIA-HERNANDEZ. The Tschapkahals was covered with white cloth for the parade, and a white horsehair bush was attached.
  • The ulanka was made of dark blue cloth with a stand-up collar, Polish cuffs, piping, parade discounts, and epaulette fields in the badge color white. On the epaulette fields was the "very high" signature WR II. The buttons were made of nickel - i.e. white metal.
  • Trousers and boots were standard for dragoons and lancers.

Field uniform M 1910

With the field uniform of 1910, almost all of the colored decorations on the uniform disappeared. The chapka was covered with a reed-green hood, the ulanka and breeches kept their cut, but were now made of field gray and only had colored piping on the edges of the borders, the sleeves, around the collar and around the epaulets (which had replaced the epaulettes .)

Battle calendar

Franco-German War
  • From the beginning of the war, the regiment was involved in skirmishes and battles in the area between the French border and west of Metz .
  • Beginning to mid-August 1870: Used in the Battle of Vionville , the Battle of Mars-la-Tour and the Battle of Gravelotte
  • September 20 to October 8, 1870: when Paris was enclosed
  • Mid-November 1870: Skirmishes at Bû , Berchères and Richebourg
  • December 20, 1870: Skirmishes at Sémur and Lavaré
  • January 31, 1871: After the armistice in the army of occupation in Normandy
  • Mid-June 1871: march back to Germany
  • June 30, 1871: Arrival in Hanover
First World War
  • Mobilization and relocation with the Dragoon Regiment No. 19 in the 19th Cavalry Brigade to the French front with the advance to the Marne. Use in patrol service and in vanguard battles. After retreating from the Marne, relocation to the Aisne. There delivery of the horses and infantry use in trench warfare. Mounted again at the beginning of November, the regiment was transferred to the Eastern Front as part of the 19th Cavalry Brigade. Advance into Poland and participation in the Battle of Łódź .
  • In 1915 initially deployed in trench warfare as a rifle escadron. From June of that year, the advance with the 9th Cavalry Division to the Vistula followed with participation in the Vilna Offensive and the Battle of Vilna .
  • Until February 1916 in infantry position warfare and patrol services on Lake Narocz. Since the horses were infested with the mange , against which one was not able to do anything locally, the regiment had to be pulled out of the front and transferred back to the stage in the Generalgouvernement of Warsaw . There it was used in the stage service.
  • In August 1916 he was moved to Pinsk and deployed to the front on the Stochod to repel the Brusilov offensive
  • In November 1916 the regiment relocated to the Western Front, but was initially replenished and trained until mid-February 1917
  • From May to June the regiment was involved in trench warfare near Reims, which was followed by such in Champagne by the end of August.
  • From the end of September the regiment fought in the defensive battle near Verdun, which went into position battles there until the beginning of February 1918. After being separated from the front for training purposes, the regiment took part in the German spring offensive in 1918 .
  • At Operation Michael in March 1918, the regiment pursued enemy forces after the breakthrough between Gouzeaucourt and Vermand and the forced passage over the Somme , but then withdrew again behind the Somme.
  • This was followed by 14.04–22.04.1918 battles on the Ancre, Somme and Avre, 09.06–13.06.1918 battle at Noyon, 26.06–29.07.1918 trench warfare in Lorraine
  • In the Hunding Day Offensive , the regiment fought 09.09–09.10.1918 in front of the Siegfried Front, 10.10–12.10.1918 in front of the Hunding and Brunhild Front and 13.10–04.11.1918 in the Hunding position and finally from 05.11–11.11.1918 in retreat battles in front of the Antwerp Maas -Position
  • From November 12th, 1918 the occupied territory was evacuated and retreated to Germany
  • In 1919 the regiment was demobilized, its tradition was assigned to the 1st squadron of the 13th Reiter Regiment in Hanover in 1920 .
Monument to the Uhlan Regiment

Commanders

Rank Surname date
major from Schack 1866
Major / Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Franz von Waldersee September 22, 1874 to June 14, 1875 (in charge of the tour)
Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Friedrich Franz von Waldersee June 15, 1875 to May 14, 1883
Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Curt von Pfuel until 1898
major Knights and nobles of Loessl August 1914

Site history

The royal stables at the Welfenschloss served the King's Uhlans from 1866 to 1912
The Grade II listed former stables of the Uhlan Regiment is from today University of Hanover used
" His Majesty Kaiser Wilhelm II in front of the Ulanen - Officer's Casino , Hanover";
Colored picture postcard , so-called "event card " without consecutive numbering by the North German paper industry , around 1914

The barracks were located in the area between Callinstrasse and the former Militärstrasse (today: Appelstrasse ) opposite the New St. Nikolai Cemetery in what is now the Nordstadt district .

An early Uhlan barracks was built in the Kingdom of Hanover in the 1850s at Königsworther Platz as the “Royal Guard du Corps”, but was not renamed the Uhlan barracks until the 1870s of the German Empire . This stood at the point around today's Continental high-rise . To the north of it, in the area of ​​today's Nordstadt, a street was laid out in 1865 in an almost undeveloped garden area, which was only officially named as a military street in 1868 “because of the proximity of the Ulan barracks”. On the military road , however, was also the "train depot of the 10th train battalion , whose barracks on Möhringsberg stood directly on the railway line."

In 1863, for example, the Nikolai-Stift acquired the first area of ​​today's New St. Nikolai Cemetery on undeveloped garden and farmland . In 1873 the monastery leased a part of the area that was not initially needed to the garrison administration of the 1st Hanoverian Uhlan Regiment No. 13 , which expanded the area as a riding arena. "Blessed by [the architect] Schuster and Habba" was at the local military road from 1885 to 1888 one of his time-three -bladed built barracks, from today, the listed northern wing, the former stables , has been preserved. The elongated brick building under a hipped roof with sparse tile decor is "one of the few remaining military buildings that testify to the boom in the military in Hanover after the annexation by Prussia ."

Since the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by Prussia from 1866 (until 1912) , the King's Uhlans had already used the stables at the Welfenschloss am Welfengarten as a stable.

Nevertheless, the building remained around the Lancers still initially sparse: After building the first greenhouses Nikolai pen purchased for the cemetery extension in 1886 Asparagus - plantation of just one morning , which the pen initially continue exploited profitably for the cultivation of the precious vegetables. And so - in the course of further (residential) development - the later Appelstrasse was not tunneled under by a sewer system until the end of the 19th century , as evidenced by the manhole cover of the Linden iron and steel works with the year "1897". Later, also preserved military buildings at the location of the former Uhlan regiment between Appelstrasse and Callinstrasse are now used by the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hanover .

Former barracks from 1936, today building 3407

From the time of National Socialism have the built in 1936 for another four additional buildings at the address Callinstraße 30, 30a and b and 34 received: the former officers' mess (now building 3,416, geology), the former farm buildings (3415), the former horse sick pen ( 3414) and the former barracks (3407).

See also

literature

  • Friedrich von Seydewitz, The first 25 years of the Königs-Ulanen-Regiment (1st Hanoverian) No. 13 , H. Peters, 1897
  • Albert von Nettelbladt: The old Hanoverian traditions of the King Uhlan Regiment (1st Hanoverian) No. 13. 1903
  • Joseph Kürschner : Kürschner's State, Court and Communal Manual of the Reich and the individual states , Stuttgart 1890, Munich 1913, 1916
  • Kurt Friedrich Wilhelm Damm von Seydewitz a. a .: The first 25 years of the King's Uhlan Regiment (1st Hanoverian) No. 13 , 1891
  • Wolfgang Pietsch: From the barracks to the laboratories. Urban development and property policy , in: Sid Auffarth , Wolfgang Pietsch: The University of Hanover. Your buildings. Your gardens. Your planning history , ed. on behalf of the Presidium of the University of Hanover, Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-935590-90-3 , pp. 176–182
  • Conrad von Meding: Horse stable as campus center / The outgoing university president wants to realize a dream on Appelstrasse and bequeath the fragmented university area an event location. But donors are still missing , as well as: Das Ulanenregiment , in: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (HAZ) of November 26, 2014, p. 15
  • Hugo FW Schulz "The Prussian Cavalry Regiments 1913/1914" ISBN 3-89350-343-9
  • Jürgen Kraus The German Army in World War I - Uniforms and equipment 1913/1914 p. 378 ff. ISBN 3-9501642-5-1

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Reif (Ed.): Nobility and Bourgeoisie in Germany , Volume 2, here: P. 52f. online through google books
  2. ^ A b c Claus Conrad: The new St. Nikolai cemetery , in: New St. Nikolai cemetery. Your guide (fold-out overview map with explanations of individual grave sites, with texts on the Nikolai Chapel and the Old and New St. Nikolai Cemetery), 3rd revised edition, ed. from St. Nikolai Stift zu Hannover, Hannover: self-published, 2013
  3. ↑ a b c Gerd Weiß: Buildings of the railways, industry and the military , In: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, Part 1, [Bd.] 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , pp. 104f., as well as Appendix Nordstadt. In: List of architectural monuments according to § 4 (NDSchG) (except for architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation), status July 1st, 1985. City of Hanover, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - Institute for Monument Preservation , p. 6f.
  4. ^ Helmut Zimmermann : Appelstrasse. , In: Die Strasseennamen der Landeshauptstadt Hannover , Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung , Hannover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 27 ( quotation according to Zimmermann from the Hannoversche Geschichtsbl Blätter from 1914), as well as: Callinstrasse , In: Die Straßenennamen .. . , P. 27
  5. ↑ Herbert Mundhenke : The new cemetery , in: Hospital and Stift St. Nikolai zu Hannover , in: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series Volume 11, Issue 3/4 (1958), pp. 230-234; here: p. 233
  6. ↑ Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Welfengarten 1A , in: Hannover Art and Culture Lexicon , p. 216
  7. ↑ Compare, for example, the photo from this documentation of Appelstrasse at Commons
  8. ↑ Compare the documentation at Commons under the section Weblinks
  9. ^ NN : List of the buildings of the University of Hanover (without buildings on the Steinberg in Sarstedt and without smaller, unimportant buildings) , in: Sid Auffarth, Wolfgang Pietsch: Die Universität Hannover. Your buildings ... (see literature), p. 345ff.

Coordinates: 52 ° 23 '18.4 "  N , 9 ° 42' 54.1"  E