Hypermagnesaemia
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| E83.4 | Magnesium metabolism disorders |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
As hypermagnesemia refers to a pathological increase in magnesium levels in the blood. The disease is rare and often asymptomatic, but if left untreated, it can become life-threatening in severe forms.
causes
An overload of magnesium in the blood can occur if the kidneys can no longer adequately eliminate magnesium due to a functional disorder. This can be the case with acute kidney failure and also with chronic kidney failure . Increased magnesium intake can also lead to increased blood levels. This can also occur, for example, as part of the treatment of a magnesium deficiency, if the amount of magnesium administered at one time is too high. Likewise, laxatives containing magnesium or high-magnesium antacids can lead to overload. A mild magnesium overload is often found in acromegaly , adrenal insufficiency or familial disorders of calcium metabolism .
In cats, hypermagnesaemia can also occur with pleural effusion or intrathoracic tumors . The underlying mechanism is unknown.
complaints
The symptoms of magnesium overload show up in the nervous system and the heart , depending on the concentration . The condition is usually without symptoms up to around 3.6 mg / dl. From a level of 7.2 mg / dl, the tendon reflexes disappear. Respiratory paralysis, shock , heart failure and coma occur from around 12 mg / dl. Muscle weakness and sensory disorders, typically in the face, can also occur earlier.
treatment
Calcium is available as an antidote to magnesium overload , since both electrolytes are regulated in opposite directions in the human metabolism. In severe cases, hemodialysis should be considered to remove the excess magnesium from the blood.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Bryan Kestenbaum, Tilman B. Drüeke: Disorders of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism. In: Jürgen Floege, Richard J Johnson, John Feehally: Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 4th edition. St. Louis, 2010, p. 146 f.
- ↑ a b c Gerd Herold and others: Internal medicine. Self-published, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814660-2-7 , p. 572 f.
- ↑ Michel D. Willard and Harold Tvedten (eds.): Laboratory diagnostics in the small animal practice. Urban & Fischer, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-437-31387-5 , p. 211.
