Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques
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| State level | national | ||
| Consist | since 1946 | ||
| Arose from | Service national des statistiques (SNS) | ||
| Headquarters | Montrouge , Hauts-de-Seine department | ||
| household | 441.5 million euros (2019) | ||
| Coordinates | 48 ° 48 '58.6 " N , 2 ° 18' 24.1" E | ||
| Authority management | Jean-Luc Tavernier (General Manager) | ||
| Employee | 5370 (as of December 31, 2018) | ||
| Website | insee.fr | ||
The Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques ( Insee ; German National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies ) is the French official statistical office based in Montrouge near Paris . It has around 5400 employees. They work in the general management at headquarters and in Metz, Lorraine, and in a number of regional offices and other regional branches. The Insee has the legal form of a Direction générale of the French Ministry of Finance . Its general manager has been Jean-Luc Tavernier since 2012.
tasks
The institute collects and publishes information on the French economy and society and conducts censuses in France. It also determines the inflation rate and other economic indicators such as the development of production costs. In addition, the Insee awards a municipality key , the code Insee that differs from the postal code to uniquely identify the French municipalities. In addition, the authority shall maintain a register of all in France born or social insurance upon persons that RNIPP ( Répertoire national d'identification des personnes physiques ), and is responsible for the allocation and management of official personal ID NIR ( Numéro d'inscription au répertoire des personnes physiques ), better known to the public as a social security number .
history
Ancien Régime
As early as 1539, all births, marriages and deaths had to be recorded in the church records in France. In the second half of the 18th century, the Finance Minister Louis XV began. , Joseph Marie Terray , to compile and add up the corresponding demographic figures nationwide. These first nationwide statistics on population development were followed a little later by surveys of the prices of agricultural and other products and, from 1775 to 1786, a nationwide list of the numbers of criminal convictions. Terrays successor in office under King Louis XVI. , the Swiss banker Jacques Necker , founded in 1788 one of the first institutions specifically responsible for statistical surveys, the Balance de commerce . Their task was to collect economic information.
Napoleonic era
After the revolution there was a first statistical office in France from 1800 to 1812. The institution founded during the consulate of Lucien Bonaparte , interior minister and brother of Napoleon, carried out the first general census in 1801 as well as a series of investigations in the newly founded departments . However, these were so inconsistent that an evaluation at national level was impossible.
From 1833: Statistique générale de la France (SGF)
During the time of the Restoration , interest in statistical surveys and the corresponding activity increased sharply. In 1833, Adolphe Thiers , Minister of Commerce of the July Monarchy , proposed that the statistical data that had been collected by various government agencies and ministries without mutual coordination be collected in a department of his ministry and published in a coordinated manner. He assigned the task to a working group that had been in existence since 1827, the Deuxième bureau du Conseil Supérieur du Commerce , under the direction of Alexandre Moreau de Jonnès . The agency took on the name Bureau de la statistique générale de la France (SGF) in 1840 , which it led for a century from then on. In 1906 she was placed under the newly established Ministry of Labor and expanded the areas of her studies to include the labor market, wage structures, consumer behavior and retail prices, among other things. From 1930 to 1936 the SGF was directly subordinate to the Prime Minister; In 1936 it was placed under the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In parallel to the SGF, statistical services were also established in other authorities over the years. When the Second World War broke out , the tasks of the SGF were
- carrying out all major statistical studies that were not the responsibility of specific departments of ministries, in particular censuses ,
- the publication of marital status statistics,
- the observation of prices and the keeping of key figures for prices and industrial production,
- the coordination of all official activities in the field of statistics,
- the analysis of these activities,
- disseminating statistics from all sources and the results of their own work through the Annuaire statistique (since 1878) and the Bulletin de la statistique générale de la France (since 1911) and in other works.
From 1941: Service national des statistiques (SNS)
The SGF had only modest resources at its disposal for its extensive tasks; in particular, it only had 150 employees. In 1941, the Vichy regime with the Service d'observation économique founded in 1937 , the Institut de conjoncture (founded in 1938) and the Service de la demographie , which emerged from the military recruitment offices after the defeat against Germany in 1940, became a service national des statistiques (SNS) merged. In contrast to its predecessor organization SGF, the SNS had extensive human resources as well as modern mechanical calculating machines, which were promoted on a large scale by the founder of the SNS, the army officer René Carmille , in particular for the acquisition of personal data for the purpose of covert military registration that went unnoticed by Germany . As a member of the Resistance , Carmille was arrested in 1944 and, after being arrested in Lyon and tortured by Klaus Barbie, taken to the Dachau concentration camp , where he died in early 1945.
Since 1946: Insee
By law of April 27, 1946, the Insee was created through the merger of the SNS with the Economic Studies and Documentation Services of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and under the same umbrella; its first general manager was Francis Louis Closon . In August of the same year, the institute was also given responsibility for managing the electoral roll.
In the immediate post-war period, the main focus was on reestablishing industrial production. In addition, the survey instrument, which was taken over from the USA , was used for economic and social surveys, for example for the first studies on the purchasing power of families, the housing situation, public health and salary costs. At this time, the analysis of sources that were not primarily used for statistical purposes, such as tax forms for salaries and operating results or for the employment of people with disabilities, began. In the 1960s, the Insee also took on important bookkeeping tasks for the French industrial policy, which was strongly directed and planned economy.
In the 1970s the activity of the institute expanded steadily; in particular, more and more diverse surveys of private households and companies were carried out.
Decisive legal decisions for the work of the Insee in the computer age were the law of January 6, 1978 on computer science, files and freedoms, which legally anchored basic data protection principles and created corresponding bodies, as well as the law of December 23, 1986, which gave the Insee extensive access Authority data granted for statistical purposes. Such data was also used more and more by the institute.
After analysts at the statistical authorities of several countries, including the Insee, clearly underestimated the severity and duration of the recession from 1992–1993, inadequacies of the methodology in the data analysis for business cycle and labor market statistics became apparent, which required significant adjustments. Furthermore, the 1990s were characterized by a greater focus on the European context, for example with regard to the comparability of data between the various EU member states. In the course of the European cooperation of the statistical authorities, the Insee was also active in Eastern European countries such as Poland , Romania , Russia and Albania , especially in the area of fiscal and economic issues. At the same time, cooperation with sub-Saharan Africa was intensified, in particular through the establishment of the Afristat organization, which was contractually agreed in 1993, to strengthen the capacities of the countries in this zone in the field of economic analysis and statistics.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, Insee has endeavored to replace statistical surveys, where possible, by evaluating official databases, both to reduce the workload for the respondents and to save costs. With regard to the dissemination of its results, the institute introduced the principle of free access to its data via the Internet since 2003 and has since multiplied the amount of publicly accessible data there.
Headquarters of the Insee in the course of its existence
After the headquarters of Insee had been relocated from Quai Branly on the left bank of the Seine in Paris to a building erected the year before at Porte de Vanves in the urban area of Malakoff in 1975 , the institute moved again from the dilapidated building in Malakoff in 2017-2018 in a new building in Montrouge just under 2 km from the previous headquarters .
Web links
- Institute website (French, English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Mentions légales et crédits. In: insee.fr. April 16, 2019, accessed November 19, 2019 (French).
- ↑ Le budget de l'Insee. In: insee.fr. September 16, 2019, accessed November 22, 2019 (French).
- ↑ a b Jean-Luc Tavernier, director general de l'Insee. In: insee.fr. June 3, 2016, accessed November 19, 2019 (French).
- ↑ a b Les femmes et les hommes de l'Insee. In: insee.fr. May 29, 2019, accessed November 19, 2019 (French).
- ^ L'organization territoriale de l'Insee. In: insee.fr. July 16, 2019, accessed November 24, 2019 (French).
- ↑ Localization of the établissements de l'Insee. In: insee.fr. March 1, 2018, accessed November 24, 2019 (French).
- ↑ Connaître l'Insee. In: insee.fr. May 29, 2019, accessed November 19, 2019 (French).
- ↑ a b c L'histoire de l'Insee ... ou la conquête du chiffre. (PDF, 483 KByte) INSEE , 1996, archived from the original on April 7, 2015 ; accessed on November 23, 2019 (French).
- ↑ a b c d e Un peu d'histoire. In: insee.fr. June 26, 2015, accessed November 21, 2019 (French).
- ↑ Céline Carez: L'amiante inquiète les salariés de l'Insee. In: leparisien.fr . Retrieved November 22, 2019 (French).
- ↑ Anthony Lieures: Les statisticiens de l'Insee vont quitter Malakoff pour s'installer à ... Montrouge. In: leparisien.fr . September 14, 2016, accessed November 22, 2019 (French).
- ↑ Anthony Lieures: Adieu Malakoff, Montrouge bonjour pour les statisticiens de l'Insee. In: leparisien.fr . April 29, 2018, accessed November 22, 2019 (French).