ISO 8859
-1 | Latin-1 , Western European |
---|---|
-2 | Latin-2 , Central European |
-3 | Latin-3 , Southern European |
-4 | Latin-4 , Northern European |
-5 | Cyrillic |
-6 | Arabic |
-7 | Greek |
-8th | Hebrew |
-9 | Latin-5 , Turkish |
-10 | Latin-6 , Nordic |
-11 | Thai |
|
(does not exist) |
-13 | Latin-7 , Baltic |
-14 | Latin-8 , Celtic |
-15 | Latin-9 , Western European |
-16 | Latin-10 , Southeast European |
The ISO 8859 family of standards , more precisely ISO / IEC 8859 , of the International Organization for Standardization defines various 8-bit character sets for information technology in 15 adopted and one rejected sub-standard , including:
- ISO 8859-1 is the second most common coding of websites in January 2017 with 5.5% , after UTF-8 with 88.2%.
- ISO 8859-2, 8859-9 and 8859-15 are used by 0.3-0.2% of all websites.
- the other sub-standards play no role in practice.
General structure of the character sets
- The first 128 positions are identical for all sub-standards and correspond to the characters of the 7-bit set US-ASCII .
- 00 hex to 1F hex and 7F hex represent control characters . The meaning of the characters is not defined in this standard.
- 20 hex to 7E hex contain printable characters ( letters , numbers , punctuation marks ...)
- The characters 7F hex to 9F hex are not defined in the standard ( "Their use is outside the scope of ISO / IEC 8859; it is specified in other International Standards, for example ISO / IEC 6429. " )
- The last 96 positions (A0 hex to FF hex ) contain regional special characters and make the difference between the sub-standards. They are presented in table form below. The character assignment, especially of ISO 8859-1, reflects the structure of ASCII.
- A0 hex to BF hex mainly contains punctuation marks and special characters.
- C0 hex to DF hex contain mainly uppercase letters.
- E0 hex to FF hex mainly contain lowercase letters.
Remarks
- The frequently used Latin-1 character set is identical to the first 256 characters of the Unicode character set.
- The newer Latin-9 character set ( ISO 8859-15 ) differs from the Latin-1 character set in only 8 positions; among other things, the general currency symbol ¤ was replaced by the euro symbol €.
- No “ISO 8859-12” character set was specified within the family of standards. The term was temporarily used for two different proposals, but neither was adopted as the standard.
- ISO / IEC no longer actively develops the ISO 8859 standards. The character sets have been replaced by ISO UCS , which has the same content as the Unicode standard. This is mainly used in the form of UTF-8 coding.
Letters for the German language
The German umlauts Ä = C4 hex , ä = E4 hex , Ö = D6 hex , ö = F6 hex , Ü = DC hex and ü = FC hex as well as the small Eszett ß = DF hex are each in ten sub-standards of the Latin group the same positions or with the same code. A compatibility between these standards is given, at least for German-language texts.
Only in the sub-norms for the alphabets -5 Cyrillic, -6 Arabic, -7 Greek, -8 Hebrew and -11 Thai are the German special characters not available.
Table of regional special characters
At position A0 hex always lying breaking spaces (Engl. Non breaking space ) and AD hex of the most conditional hyphen (Engl. Soft hyphen ), which is visible only at the end of the line. Other empty fields are either not (yet) filled or cannot be displayed on the system used.
Additions and changes to the 2003 version of the standard.
Undefined characters are highlighted in green.
Binary | Oct | Dec | Hex | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8th | -9 | -10 | -11 | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10100000 | 240 | 160 | A0 | NBSP | ||||||||||||||
10100001 | 241 | 161 | A1 | ¡ | Ą | H | Ą | Ё | ' | ¡ | Ą | ก | ” | Ḃ | ¡ | Ą | ||
10100010 | 242 | 162 | A2 | ¢ | ˘ | ˘ | ĸ | Ђ | ' | ¢ | ¢ | Ē | ข | ¢ | ḃ | ¢ | ą | |
10100011 | 243 | 163 | A3 | £ | Ł | £ | Ŗ | Ѓ | £ | £ | £ | G | ฃ | £ | £ | £ | Ł | |
10100100 | 244 | 164 | A4 | ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | Є | ¤ | € | ¤ | ¤ | Ī | ค | ¤ | Ċ | € | € |
10100101 | 245 | 165 | A5 | ¥ | Ľ | Ĩ | Ѕ | ₯ | ¥ | ¥ | Ĩ | ฅ | " | ċ | ¥ | " | ||
10100110 | 246 | 166 | A6 | ¦ | Ś | H | Ļ | І | ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | Ķ | ฆ | ¦ | Ḋ | Š | Š | |
10100111 | 247 | 167 | A7 | § | § | § | § | Ї | § | § | § | § | ง | § | § | § | § | |
10101000 | 250 | 168 | A8 | ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | Ј | ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | Ļ | จ | O | Ẁ | š | š | |
10101001 | 251 | 169 | A9 | © | Š | İ | Š | Љ | © | © | © | Đ | ฉ | © | © | © | © | |
10101010 | 252 | 170 | AA | ª | Ş | Ş | Ē | Њ | ͺ | × | ª | Š | ช | Ŗ | Ẃ | ª | Ș | |
10101011 | 253 | 171 | FROM | « | Ť | G | G | Ћ | « | « | « | Ŧ | ซ | « | ḋ | « | « | |
10101100 | 254 | 172 | AC | ¬ | Ź | Ĵ | Ŧ | Ќ | ، | ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | Ž | ฌ | ¬ | Ỳ | ¬ | Ź |
10101101 | 255 | 173 | AD | SHY | ญ | SHY | ||||||||||||
10101110 | 256 | 174 | AE | ® | Ž | Ž | Ў | ® | ® | Ū | ฎ | ® | ® | ® | ź | |||
10101111 | 257 | 175 | AF | ¯ | Ż | Ż | ¯ | Џ | - | ¯ | ¯ | Ŋ | ฏ | Æ | Ÿ | ¯ | Ż | |
Binary | Oct | Dec | Hex | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8th | -9 | -10 | -11 | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 |
10110000 | 260 | 176 | B0 | ° | ° | ° | ° | А | ° | ° | ° | ° | ฐ | ° | Ḟ | ° | ° | |
10110001 | 261 | 177 | B1 | ± | ą | H | ą | Б | ± | ± | ± | ą | ฑ | ± | ḟ | ± | ± | |
10110010 | 262 | 178 | B2 | ² | ˛ | ² | ˛ | В | ² | ² | ² | ē | ฒ | ² | G | ² | Č | |
10110011 | 263 | 179 | B3 | ³ | ł | ³ | ŗ | Г | ³ | ³ | ³ | G | ณ | ³ | G | ³ | ł | |
10110100 | 264 | 180 | B4 | ´ | ´ | ´ | ´ | Д | ΄ | ´ | ´ | ī | ด | " | Ṁ | Ž | Ž | |
10110101 | 265 | 181 | B5 | µ | ľ | µ | ĩ | Е | ΅ | µ | µ | ĩ | ต | µ | ṁ | µ | ” | |
10110110 | 266 | 182 | B6 | ¶ | ś | H | ļ | Ж | Ά | ¶ | ¶ | ķ | ถ | ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | |
10110111 | 267 | 183 | B7 | · | ˇ | · | ˇ | З | · | · | · | · | ท | · | Ṗ | · | · | |
10111000 | 270 | 184 | B8 | ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | И | Έ | ¸ | ¸ | ļ | ธ | O | ẁ | ž | ž | |
10111001 | 271 | 185 | B9 | ¹ | š | ı | š | Й | Ή | ¹ | ¹ | đ | น | ¹ | ṗ | ¹ | č | |
10111010 | 272 | 186 | BA | º | ş | ş | ē | К | Ί | ÷ | º | š | บ | ŗ | ẃ | º | ș | |
10111011 | 273 | 187 | BB | » | ť | G | G | Л | ؛ | » | » | » | ŧ | ป | » | Ṡ | » | » |
10111100 | 274 | 188 | BC | ¼ | ź | ĵ | ŧ | М | Ό | ¼ | ¼ | ž | ผ | ¼ | ỳ | Œ | Œ | |
10111101 | 275 | 189 | BD | ½ | ˝ | ½ | Ŋ | Н | ½ | ½ | ½ | - | ฝ | ½ | Ẅ | œ | œ | |
10111110 | 276 | 190 | BE | ¾ | ž | ž | О | Ύ | ¾ | ¾ | ū | พ | ¾ | ẅ | Ÿ | Ÿ | ||
10111111 | 277 | 191 | BF | ¿ | ż | ż | ŋ | П | ؟ | Ώ | ¿ | ŋ | ฟ | æ | ṡ | ¿ | ż | |
Binary | Oct | Dec | Hex | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8th | -9 | -10 | -11 | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 |
11000000 | 300 | 192 | C0 | À | Ŕ | À | Ā | Р | ΐ | À | Ā | ภ | Ą | À | À | À | ||
11000001 | 301 | 193 | C1 | Á | Á | Á | Á | С | ء | Α | Á | Á | ม | Į | Á | Á | Á | |
11000010 | 302 | 194 | C2 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Т | آ | Β | Â | Â | ย | Ā | Â | Â | Â | |
11000011 | 303 | 195 | C3 | Ã | Ă | Ã | У | أ | Γ | Ã | Ã | ร | Ć | Ã | Ã | Ă | ||
11000100 | 304 | 196 | C4 | Ä | Ä | Ä | Ä | Ф | ؤ | Δ | Ä | Ä | ฤ | Ä | Ä | Ä | Ä | |
11000101 | 305 | 197 | C5 | Å | Ĺ | Ċ | Å | Х | إ | Ε | Å | Å | ล | Å | Å | Å | Ć | |
11000110 | 306 | 198 | C6 | Æ | Ć | Ĉ | Æ | Ц | ئ | Ζ | Æ | Æ | ฦ | Ę | Æ | Æ | Æ | |
11000111 | 307 | 199 | C7 | Ç | Ç | Ç | Į | Ч | ا | Η | Ç | Į | ว | Ē | Ç | Ç | Ç | |
11001000 | 310 | 200 | C8 | È | Č | È | Č | Ш | ب | Θ | È | Č | ศ | Č | È | È | È | |
11001001 | 311 | 201 | C9 | É | É | É | É | Щ | ة | Ι | É | É | ษ | É | É | É | É | |
11001010 | 312 | 202 | CA | Ê | Ę | Ê | Ę | Ъ | ت | Κ | Ê | Ę | ส | Ź | Ê | Ê | Ê | |
11001011 | 313 | 203 | CB | Ë | Ë | Ë | Ë | Ы | ث | Λ | Ë | Ë | ห | Ė | Ë | Ë | Ë | |
11001100 | 314 | 204 | CC | Ì | Ě | Ì | Ė | Ь | ج | Μ | Ì | Ė | ฬ | G | Ì | Ì | Ì | |
11001101 | 315 | 205 | CD | Í | Í | Í | Í | Э | ح | Ν | Í | Í | อ | Ķ | Í | Í | Í | |
11001110 | 316 | 206 | CE | Î | Î | Î | Î | Ю | خ | Ξ | Î | Î | ฮ | Ī | Î | Î | Î | |
11001111 | 317 | 207 | CF | Ï | Ď | Ï | Ī | Я | د | Ο | Ï | Ï | ฯ | Ļ | Ï | Ï | Ï | |
Binary | Oct | Dec | Hex | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8th | -9 | -10 | -11 | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 |
11010000 | 320 | 208 | D0 | Ð | Đ | Đ | а | ذ | Π | G | Ð | ะ | Š | Ŵ | Ð | Đ | ||
11010001 | 321 | 209 | D1 | Ñ | Ń | Ñ | Ņ | б | ر | Ρ | Ñ | Ņ | ั | Ń | Ñ | Ñ | Ń | |
11010010 | 322 | 210 | D2 | O | Ň | O | O | в | ز | O | O | า | Ņ | O | O | O | ||
11010011 | 323 | 211 | D3 | O | O | O | Ķ | г | س | Σ | O | O | ำ | O | O | O | O | |
11010100 | 324 | 212 | D4 | O | O | O | O | д | ش | Τ | O | O | ิ | O | O | O | O | |
11010101 | 325 | 213 | D5 | O | O | G | O | е | ص | Υ | O | O | ี | O | O | O | O | |
11010110 | 326 | 214 | D6 | Ö | Ö | Ö | Ö | ж | ض | Φ | Ö | Ö | ึ | Ö | Ö | Ö | Ö | |
11010111 | 327 | 215 | D7 | × | × | × | × | з | ط | Χ | × | Ũ | ื | × | Ṫ | × | Ś | |
11011000 | 330 | 216 | D8 | O | Ř | G | O | и | ظ | Ψ | O | O | ุ | Ų | O | O | Ű | |
11011001 | 331 | 217 | D9 | Ù | Ů | Ù | Ų | й | ع | Ω | Ù | Ų | ู | Ł | Ù | Ù | Ù | |
11011010 | 332 | 218 | THERE | Ú | Ú | Ú | Ú | к | غ | Ϊ | Ú | Ú | ฺ | Ś | Ú | Ú | Ú | |
11011011 | 333 | 219 | DB | Û | Ű | Û | Û | л | Ϋ | Û | Û | Ū | Û | Û | Û | |||
11011100 | 334 | 220 | DC | Ü | Ü | Ü | Ü | м | ά | Ü | Ü | Ü | Ü | Ü | Ü | |||
11011101 | 335 | 221 | DD | Ý | Ý | Ŭ | Ũ | н | έ | İ | Ý | Ż | Ý | Ý | Ę | |||
11011110 | 336 | 222 | DE | Þ | Ţ | Ŝ | Ū | о | ή | Ş | Þ | Ž | Ŷ | Þ | Ț | |||
11011111 | 337 | 223 | DF | ß | ß | ß | ß | п | ί | ‗ | ß | ß | ฿ | ß | ß | ß | ß | |
Binary | Oct | Dec | Hex | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8th | -9 | -10 | -11 | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 |
11100000 | 340 | 224 | E0 | à | ŕ | à | - | р | ـ | ΰ | א | à | - | เ | ą | à | à | à |
11100001 | 341 | 225 | E1 | á | á | á | á | с | ف | α | ב | á | á | แ | į | á | á | á |
11100010 | 342 | 226 | E2 | â | â | â | â | т | ق | β | ג | â | â | โ | - | â | â | â |
11100011 | 343 | 227 | E3 | ã | ă | ã | у | ك | γ | ד | ã | ã | ใ | ć | ã | ã | ă | |
11100100 | 344 | 228 | E4 | Ä | Ä | Ä | Ä | ф | ل | δ | ה | Ä | Ä | ไ | Ä | Ä | Ä | Ä |
11100101 | 345 | 229 | E5 | å | ĺ | ċ | å | х | م | ε | ו | å | å | ๅ | å | å | å | ć |
11100110 | 346 | 230 | E6 | æ | ć | ĉ | æ | ц | ن | ζ | ז | æ | æ | ๆ | ę | æ | æ | æ |
11100111 | 347 | 231 | E7 | ç | ç | ç | į | ч | ه | η | ח | ç | į | ็ | ē | ç | ç | ç |
11101000 | 350 | 232 | E8 | è | č | è | č | ш | و | θ | ט | è | č | ่ | č | è | è | è |
11101001 | 351 | 233 | E9 | é | é | é | é | щ | ى | ι | י | é | é | ้ | é | é | é | é |
11101010 | 352 | 234 | EA | ê | ę | ê | ę | ъ | ي | κ | ך | ê | ę | ๊ | ź | ê | ê | ê |
11101011 | 353 | 235 | EB | ë | ë | ë | ë | ы | ً | λ | כ | ë | ë | ๋ | ė | ë | ë | ë |
11101100 | 354 | 236 | EC | ì | ě | ì | ė | ь | ٌ | μ | ל | ì | ė | ์ | G | ì | ì | ì |
11101101 | 355 | 237 | ED | í | í | í | í | э | ٍ | ν | ם | í | í | ํ | ķ | í | í | í |
11101110 | 356 | 238 | EE | î | î | î | î | ю | َ | ξ | מ | î | î | ๎ | ī | î | î | î |
11101111 | 357 | 239 | EF | ï | ď | ï | ī | я | ُ | ο | ן | ï | ï | ๏ | ļ | ï | ï | ï |
Binary | Oct | Dec | Hex | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8th | -9 | -10 | -11 | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 |
11110000 | 360 | 240 | F0 | ð | đ | đ | № | ِ | π | נ | G | ð | ๐ | š | ŵ | ð | đ | |
11110001 | 361 | 241 | F1 | ñ | ń | ñ | ņ | ё | ّ | ρ | ס | ñ | ņ | ๑ | ń | ñ | ñ | ń |
11110010 | 362 | 242 | F2 | O | ň | O | O | ђ | ْ | ς | ע | O | O | ๒ | ņ | O | O | O |
11110011 | 363 | 243 | F3 | O | O | O | ķ | ѓ | σ | ף | O | O | ๓ | O | O | O | O | |
11110100 | 364 | 244 | F4 | O | O | O | O | є | τ | פ | O | O | ๔ | O | O | O | O | |
11110101 | 365 | 245 | F5 | O | O | G | O | ѕ | υ | ץ | O | O | ๕ | O | O | O | O | |
11110110 | 366 | 246 | F6 | ö | ö | ö | ö | і | φ | צ | ö | ö | ๖ | ö | ö | ö | ö | |
11110111 | 367 | 247 | F7 | ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | ї | χ | ק | ÷ | ũ | ๗ | ÷ | ṫ | ÷ | ś | |
11111000 | 370 | 248 | F8 | O | ř | G | O | ј | ψ | ר | O | O | ๘ | ų | O | O | ű | |
11111001 | 371 | 249 | F9 | ù | ů | ù | ų | љ | ω | ש | ù | ų | ๙ | ł | ù | ù | ù | |
11111010 | 372 | 250 | FA | ú | ú | ú | ú | њ | ϊ | ת | ú | ú | ๚ | ś | ú | ú | ú | |
11111011 | 373 | 251 | FB | û | ű | û | û | ћ | ϋ | û | û | ๛ | ū | û | û | û | ||
11111100 | 374 | 252 | FC | ü | ü | ü | ü | ќ | ό | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||
11111101 | 375 | 253 | FD | ý | ý | ŭ | ũ | § | ύ | LRM | ı | ý | ż | ý | ý | ę | ||
11111110 | 376 | 254 | FE | þ | ţ | ŝ | ū | ў | ώ | RLM | ş | þ | ž | ŷ | þ | ț | ||
11111111 | 377 | 255 | FF | ÿ | ˙ | ˙ | ˙ | џ | ÿ | ĸ | ' | ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | ||||
Binary | Oct | Dec | Hex | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -7 | -8th | -9 | -10 | -11 | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 |
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding
- ↑ ISO / IEC 8859-1: 1998, p. 5