Ibéromaurusia
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The Ibéromaurus is a culture of the Epipalaeolithic in North Africa , which is considered to be the successor culture of the Atérien . It lasted roughly from 17,000 to 8,000 BC. And is about the same time as the European Magdalenian . The name goes back to the now outdated opinion that this culture was not only in North Africa but also on the Iberian Peninsula .
distribution
The Atlas appears to form the southern limit of the distribution of the African Cro-Magnon man , who inhabits the southern Mediterranean coast and its hinterland. The finds indicate an increasing spread from east to west along the Mediterranean Sea as far as Morocco , which only began around 14,000 BC. Was reached. Most of the more closely examined sites are in Morocco and Algeria . There are also the names Mouillien and Oranien, named after important sites .
Stone processing, weapons and tools
There is a strong tendency towards miniaturization, especially small arrowheads were made from blades or lamellas. The technique of chopping off the back with steep retouching is widespread. Often there are back tips that have been processed into composite devices. There were also larger scrapers , micro-engravers and three-sided tips. Millstones for grinding grass seeds indicate an ongoing use of vegetable raw materials. From bones were awls , projectile heads, knives and trowels made of leather processing. Jewelry was made from marine shells and fossils .
Culture
The people of the Ibéromaurus were mainly hunters and gatherers . Caves and abrises were found at dwellings , which at least indicate pre-forms of sedentarism in a largely nomadic way of life. In the demolition there were spatial divisions into workshop, living and burial areas. An artistic activity has been found very rarely so far - for example in Morocco (Ifri n'Ammar) traces of a painting. Tortoise shells were apparently used as a container for red chalk , the red ocher used to paint people and equipment. There were also burials. The most important of the successor cultures was the Capsien , which, however , was borne by a different population or ethnic group (Mediterranean type).
literature
- Josef Eiwanger: Morocco - At the Interface of Two Continents, In: Archeology in Germany. Theiss-Verlag, Stuttgart 2/2003.
- Abdeslam Mikdad, Josef Eiwanger: Recherches préhistoriques et protohistoriques dans le Rif oriental (Maroc). In: Contributions to general and comparative archeology. Volume 20.
- Johannes Moser: La Grotte d'Ifri n'Ammar. Tome 1, L'Ibéromaurusien. AVA Research, Volume 8. Linden Soft Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-929290-28-6 .