Ida friend

Ida Freund (born April 15, 1863 in Vienna , Austria ; † May 15, 1914 in Cambridge ) was the first female university lecturer in the United Kingdom . She is known for her influence in science education, especially for women and girls. She wrote two chemistry textbooks, was the first to bake a periodic table cupcake and invented the gas meter named after her.

Life

After her mother's death, she moved to Vienna to live with her maternal grandparents . There she attended a state school and then trained as a teacher. In 1881 her grandparents died and she moved to England to live with her guardian and uncle Ludwig Straus to take care of the household. He was violinist in the Joachim Quartet and head of the Hallé Orchestra (1875–88). She enrolled at Girton College in July 1882 and graduated with honors from the Natural Sciences Tripos Course (Chemistry and Physics), although she only knew the English language from class and it was difficult at the time to take advanced chemistry classes as a woman . At Cambridge Training College she worked as a chemistry teacher in 1886 and a year later at Newnham College in Cambridge as a demonstrator. In 1890 she was promoted to lecturer in chemistry. From 1890 she was a lecturer in chemistry. This was the first time a woman was appointed to a lecturer in the UK. She was a fellow at Newnham College and later a council member. Her uncle died in 1899. In 1903 he received the Gable Prize.

Because she was more focused on teaching, there was little time for research. She did not try to get a Masters or a PhD. She was responsible for the laboratory training of her students, who mostly came to the college with little or no knowledge of chemistry. She was valued among her students as an inspiring teacher and a unique personality.

As a child, she lost a leg in a bicycle accident. To compensate for this, she used various walking sticks, a prosthetic leg, and a hand-operated tricycle. Her disability and her unconventional clothing style make her an unmistakable figure that was noticed by colleagues and contemporaries.

Ida Freund was an active feminist and advocate for women's suffrage . She was one of the women who fought for membership in the Chemical Society in the early 20th century . In 1920, six years after her death, the demand was implemented. She stayed in Newnham until she retired on health grounds. The chemistry laboratory in Newnham was closed after her retirement as students were now admitted to the laboratory of the chemistry department of the university. She died on May 15, 1914 after surgery in her Cambridge home while she was working on her second book.

Publications

Ida Freund published a paper entitled "The Effect of Temperature on Volume Change Associated with Neutralization for a Number of Salts at Various Concentrations" and two chemistry textbooks: The Study of Chemical Composition: An Account of its Method and Historical Development with Illustrative Quotations (1904) (The Study of Chemical Composition: A Report on its Method and Historical Development with Illustrative Quotes. Reprinted in 2014) and The Experimental Basis of Chemistry: Suggestions for a Series of Experiments Illustrative of the Fundamental Principles of Chemistry (Die Experimental basis of chemistry: Suggestions for a series of experiments to illustrate the basic principles of chemistry. Published after her death in 1920). She had originally planned twenty chapters for the book, but could only complete ten chapters by the time she died. The book was later edited by colleagues and friends such as Mary Beatrice Thomas, director of science studies at Girton College .

Both of Freund's books are considered important and are often quoted.

classes

Ida Freund was known for her interest in science education, especially improving science education in girls' schools. During her time at Cambridge women were not allowed to teach with men in the general laboratories. That is why Freund taught special classes in the chemistry laboratory at Newnham College. She organized holiday workshops for teachers. Freund experimented with different teaching methods and the approach of Wilhelm Ostwald in which essential facts of chemistry are treated in the form of a dialogue between the teacher and his students. She insisted that her students do real research and then check the validity. At the time, this was a new approach, which was also criticized. However, their approach influenced the teaching methods of their time and were very popular with their students.

She opposed home schooling in girls' schools as a substitute for basic science education.

Periodic table cupcakes

Periodic table cupcakes

Freud was the first person to make periodic table cupcakes. She used them as a study tool in her classroom. For this she baked a large periodic table. Each element was represented by a cupcake, which was described by name and atomic number in the glaze.

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  Periodic table cupcakes

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  Periodic table cupcakes

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  Periodic table cupcakes

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  Periodic table cupcakes

Periodic table cupcakes have also become a popular way of representing chemistry on buffets.

Inventions

In addition to the Periodic Table Cupcakes, she also invented a gas measuring tube that is named after her. The instrument is no longer used.

Monuments

In April 1998 a laboratory in Newnham was restored as a memorial for Freund. The Ida Freund Memorial Fund was established to improve the education of science teachers by enabling them to further study. The Ida Freund Memorial Prize is awarded by Newnham College. In addition, Girton College awards the Ida Freund Prize to its physics students for first class academic achievement.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ida Freund biography . Newnham College, Cambridge.
2. ^ Margaret Hill: Ida Freund, the first woman chemistry lecturer . In: RSC Historical Society Newsletter . RSC Historical Group, QMUL. Pp. 14-20. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Freund, Ida (1863–1914), chemist | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . ( oxforddnb.com [accessed May 6, 2018]).
4. ↑ Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie: Friend, Ida . In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography .
5. ↑ Smith, Jonathan, 1961-, Stray, Christopher .: Teaching and learning in nineteenth-century Cambridge . Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK 2002, ISBN 0-85115-783-1 .
6. ^ ABC-Clio Information Services .: Women and science: social impact and interaction . ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, Calif. 2004, ISBN 1-85109-465-2 .
7. ^ Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey .: Women in chemistry: their changing roles from alchemical times to the mid-twentieth century . American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1998, ISBN 0-8412-3522-8 , pp. 60 ( [1] ).
8. ^ Fight for Rights . rsc.org.
9. ↑ Ida Freund: for physical chemistry . In: for physical chemistry . 66, 1909, p. 555.
10. ^ Freund Ida: The study of chemical composition .: An account of its method and historical development, with illustrative quotations . University press. April 9, 2018.
11. ^ Ida Freund: The Study of Chemical Composition . Cambridge University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-107-69030-1 ( com.au [accessed May 4, 2018]).
12. ↑ The experimental basis of chemistry: Suggestions for a series of experiments illustrative of the fundamental principles of chemistry . The University press. April 9, 2018.
13. ^ Personal Papers of MB Thomas . Girton College Archives.
14. ^ ^{A b} Bill Palmer: Ida Freund: Teacher, Educator, Feminist, and Chemistry Textbook Writer . In: Transactions on Internet Research . July 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
15. ↑ Fara, Patricia (2005) Scientists Anonymous p158
16. ↑ Brock, William H .: The case of the pisonous socks: tales from chemistry . RSC Pub., 2011, ISBN 978-1-84973-324-3 , pp. 213 .
17. ↑ Brock, William H .: The case of the pisonous socks: tales from chemistry . RSC Pub., 2011, ISBN 978-1-84973-324-3 , pp. 212 .
18. ↑ Ida Freund: Domestic science — a protest . In: The Englishwoman . No. 10, 1911, pp. 147-63, 279-96.
19. ↑ Marelene Rayner-Canham, Geoff Rayner-Canham: Chemistry What Their Life . In: World Scientific Publishing Company . 2008, ISBN 978-1-86094-986-9 , pp. 227 , doi : 10.1142 / p538 ( worldscientific.com [accessed May 6, 2018]).
20. ↑ Ida friend . In: 175 Faces of Chemistry . Royal Society of Chemistry.
21. ↑ Periodic Videos: Periodic Table of Cupcakes - Periodic Table of Videos. December 14, 2011, accessed May 5, 2018 . 
22. ^ Periodic Table of Cupcakes . WomansDay.com.
23. ↑ Periodic Table Cupcakes . In: HuffPost .
24. ^ A Periodic Table of Cupcakes . Chembark. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
25. ^ Awards from Newnham College . University of Cambridge.