Ikkō riots
The Ikkō uprisings ( Japanese 一向 一 揆 , Ikkō ikki ) were revolts of peasants and the Buddhist school Ikkō-shū ( Jōdo-Shinshū ) in Japan in the 15th and 16th centuries.
After supporters of the Ikkō-shū Togashi Masachika's fight against his brother Togashi Yukichiyo , they revolted in 1475 when he did not keep the agreement to reward them with lands. Masachika put down the rebellion in Kaga , whereupon some Ikkō-shū turned to Rennyo , an influential Buddhist master, and asked him for mediation. An adviser to Rennyos incited farmers and the Ikkō-shū to fight.
When Masachika moved to Ōmi at the behest of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshihisa to put down a rebellion there, the Ikkō-shū struck. Masachika returned, but some of his vassals sided with the insurgents. Masachika was now besieged in his castle and was forced to commit seppuku .
Rennyo condemned the insurgents under pressure from the shogun, but did not excommunicate them. The Ikkō-shū gradually succeeded in fully gaining power over Kaga and they supported uprisings by Ikkō followers in neighboring Etchū and Echizen in 1506 and 1508 . From 1521 their power over Kaga was officially recognized by the Bakufu . Further uprisings took place in the Noto Peninsula , north of Kaga, and the rest of Hokuriku .
The Ikkō-shū remained an important power factor in the following decades until they capitulated to Oda Nobunaga in 1580 .
literature
- Christoph Kleine: Buddhism in Japan. History, teaching, practice . Tübingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-16-150492-1
- Dobbins, James C. (1989). Jodo Shinshu: Shin Buddhism in Medieval Japan. Bloomington, Illinois: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253331862
- Sansom, George Bailey . (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0523-2
- Turnbull, Stephen (2003). Japanese Warrior Monks AD 949-1603. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-573-2
- Neil McMullin (1984). Buddhism and the State in Sixteenth-Century Japan, Princeton University Press.
- Repp, Martin (2011). Review: Carol Richmond (2007). Tsang, War and Faith -Ikko Ikki in Late Muromachi Japan ( Memento from March 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). In: Japanese Religions 36 (1-2), 104-108
- Otani, Chojun (1968). Le mouvement insurrectionnel des Ikko-Ikki, adeptes de la secte Bouddhique Shin-Shu au XVème et au XVIème siècle , École pratique des hautes études. 4e section, Sciences historiques et philologiques, Annuaire 1967–1968, pp. 609-612
- Sugiyama, Shigeki J. (1994). Honganji in the Muromachi-Sengoku Period: Taking Up the Sword and its Consequences , The Pacific World, New Series 10, 56-74