Indochina Kentish plover
| Indochina Kentish plover | ||||||||
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Indochina Kentish Plover ( Charadrius dealbatus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||
| Charadrius dealbatus | ||||||||
| ( Swinhoe , 1870) |
The Indochina Kentish Plover ( Charadrius dealbatus ) is a little-researched seabird from the plover family (Charadriidae). In terms of its taxonomic status, it is often considered a subspecies of the Kentish plover ( Charadrius alexandrinus ). More recent studies, however, advocate status as a stand-alone species, which is increasingly recognized by checklist committees such as the Handbook of the Birds of the World and the International Ornithological Congress.
features
With a body length of 16 to 17 cm, the Indochina plover is one of the small plover species. The front of the head, the stripe above the eyes, the throat and the underside are white. The top is light sand brown with pure white spots. The medium-short, black beak has a blunt tip. The relatively long legs are tinted pink gray. In the adult males in the breeding plumage, the forehead, reins and eye area turn completely white. The headband is black, the back of the head is orange. The breast is characterized by black spots. During the breeding season, the females have gray-brown breast spots and no red-brown back of the head. Adult birds in simple dress are generally much more blunt with a uniform gray-brown upper side and a lack of black coloring in the plumage. The appearance of the juvenile birds is not documented, they may resemble the adult birds in simple dress. The very similar Kentish plover has black reins, a blacker crown and more pronounced black spots on the chest. The wing bands are less white. The Indochina Kentish Plover has a longer and stronger bill with a lighter base of the lower jaw. The wing bands are longer and more noticeable, especially on the wings of the hand.
Vocalizations
The Indochina Kentish Plover is largely silent outside of the breeding season. Its vocalizations are poorly documented, but there are no known differences to those of the Kentish plover. Similar to the Kentish plover, its alarm call is shrill at the tip and sometimes also when it dies away.
Spreading and migrations
Presumptions suggest that the Indochina plover is a migratory breeding bird in the coastal areas of southern China ( Fujian and Hainan ) and southern Vietnam, as well as a guest outside the breeding season (from mid-September to late March) on the coasts of continental Southeast Asia . Records are available from Vietnam, Cambodia , Thailand (in September at the earliest), the Malay Peninsula and south to Sumatra .
habitat
The Indochina Kentish Plover inhabits sandy areas, mud flats, salt flats, and off-breeding land reclaimed that originally consisted of tidal silts and mangrove forests, where water was drained and sand added to create temporary man-made areas that mimick sandy beaches. Such areas are likely to be a suboptimal habitat that is only used as a resting place. The Indochina plover breeds on sandy beaches.
Eating behavior
Little data is available on his diet. It is thought to be similar to that of the Kentish plover and includes small crabs. The Indochina plover defends its feeding ground. When looking for food, it races quickly over the sand with its head bowed to pick up prey. It is more active than the Kentish plover and often runs almost continuously while looking for prey on the tidal edge. While feeding, it is often seen in flocks with the Kentish plover, although it tends to roam harder, sandy substrates, while the Kentish plover prey on softer mud along the tidal channels.
Breeding behavior
In contrast to the subspecies Charadrius alexandrinus nihonensis of the Kentish plover, there is very little information that can definitely be assigned to this species. A nest of the Indochina Kentish Plover was found in Cochinchina , Vietnam , in early May 2009 . It was a shallow, excavated hollow in the coarse sand that contained numerous shell fragments. The clutch consisted of three olive-green eggs, which were marked with black-brown stripes and scribbles.
status
The IUCN took the Indochina Seeregenpfeifer 2016 in the category of "insufficient data" ( data deficient ) in the IUCN Red List on. It is unclear if this species is at immediate endangerment outside the breeding season, as it could benefit from the temporary habitats created by land reclamation on the coast. The situation in the breeding area of the species is not known, but the increasing, severe deterioration of coastal habitats in southern China suggests that breeding areas have been lost. China's growing tourist infrastructure, particularly in Hainan and Guangxi provinces, could threaten the species if beaches are indeed their preferred habitat during the breeding season.
literature
- J. del Hoyo, J., N. Collar, GM Kirwan, and CJ Sharpe (2016). White-faced plover (Charadrius dealbatus). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, DA Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Retrieved from Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. (Subscription required)
- Richard Craik & Lê Quý Min: Lynx and BirdLife International Field Guides: Birds of Vietnam , Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 2018, ISBN 978-84-16728-13-8 , p. 94
Web links
- Charadrius dealbatus inthe IUCN 2020 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
Individual evidence
- ^ Kennerley, PR, Bakewell, DN and Round, PD (2008). Rediscovery of a long-lost Charadrius plover from South-East Asia. Forktail. 24: 63-79.
- ↑ Rheindt, FE, Székely, T. Edwards, SV, Lee, PLM, Burke, T., Kennerley, PR, Bakewell, DN, Alrashidi, M., Kosztolányi, A., Weston, MA, Liu Wei-ting, Lei Wei-Pan, Shigeta, Y., Javed, S., Zefania, S. and Küpper, C. (2011). Conflict between genetic and phenotypic differentiation: the evolutionary history of a “lost and rediscovered” shorebird. PLoS ONE 6 (11): e26995.
- ^ Bakewell, DN and Kennerley, PR (2008). Field characteristics and distribution of an overlooked Charadrius plover from South-East Asia. Birding ASIA 9: 46-57.
- ↑ Xuejing Wang, Pinjia Que, Gerald Heckel, Junhua Hu, Xuecong Zhang, Chung-Yu Chiang, Nan Zhang, Qin Huang, Simin Liu, Jonathan Martinez, Emilio Pagani-Núñez, Caroline Dingle, Yu Yan Leung, Tamás Székely, Zhengwang Zhang & Yang Liu: Genetic, phenotypic and ecological differentiation suggests incipient speciation in two Charadrius plovers along the Chinese coast In: BMC Evolutionary Biology Vol. 19, No. 135, 2019, pp. 1-18
- ↑ Keren R. Sadanandan, Clemens Küpper, Gabriel W. Low, Cheng-Te Yao, Yue Li, Tao Xu, Frank E. Rheindt & Shaoyuan Wu: Population divergence and gene flow in two East Asian shorebirds on the verge of speciation In: Scientific Reports 9 (1), June 2019, pp. 1–9
- ↑ Josep del Hoyo, Nigel J. Collar, David A. Christie, Andrew Elliott, Lincoln DC Fishpool: HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 2014
- ^ IOC World Bird List Version 10.2