Injunctive
The injunctive 's Indo basic language of the base mode of the verb in addition to the indicative , the conjunctive , the opt and the imperative . The injective has no formal designation and only expresses the duration of an action (in the aorist : punctual action with duration 'absolutely zero', in the present tense : continuous action or repeated action with duration 'potentially infinite'), but does not reflect whether this Action takes place in the past, present or future.
According to the Indo-Europeanist Karl Hoffmann , the injective originally served to only mention an event without any temporal assignment, as a so-called memorative. So it has no past meaning, although outwardly it looks like an augmentless past tense. While the indicative asserts the validity of a statement, the injective assumes it.
The injective is mainly preserved in Vedic , where it is used in conjunction with the particle mā́ as a prohibitive , i.e. as a negative imperative in the sense of a prohibition. The augmentless past tense forms in Homeric Greek are also to be interpreted as original injectives.
literature
- Eva Tichy: Indo-European basic knowledge. Hempen, Bremen 2000, ISBN 3-934106-14-5 .
- Hermann Ammann: The oldest forms of the prohibitive clause in Greek and Latin. In: Indogermanische Forschungen 45 (1927), pp. 328-344.
- Karl Hoffmann: The injective in the Veda: a synchronous functional investigation. Winter, Heidelberg 1967.
- Michael Meier-Brügger : Indo-European Linguistics. 9th edition, de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-025143-2 .
- Peter-Arnold Mumm: Verbal Definiteness and the Vedic Injunctive. In: H. Hettrich, W. Hock & P.-A. Mumm (ed.), Verba et Structurae. Festschrift for Klaus Strunk on his 65th birthday. Innsbruck 1995, pp. 169-193. Available online as PDF: [1] .
- Peter-Arnold Mumm: On the function of the Homeric augment. In: Thomas Krisch (Ed.): Analecta homini universali dicata. FS. Oswald PANAGL for his 65th birthday , 2 volumes. Stuttgart 2004, pp. 148-158. Available online as PDF: [2] .
Web links
- Norbert Fries: Online Lexicon Linguistics
- Adolf Erhart: The verbal mode in Indo-European. 1972, pp. 1-38
Individual evidence
- ^ Günther Schweikle: Germanic-German language history at a glance. JB Metzler, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-4760-0737-5 .
- ↑ Others speak of only four modes, Roland Schuhmann: Teaching materials: Introduction to Indo-European Studies. ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. University of Jena, pp. 1–38.
