Interactome

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The overall network of molecular interactions in the cell is called the interactome [ ɪntɐʔakˈtoːm, ɪntərakˈtoːm ]. Often the term is restricted to the interactions between proteins. The young biological discipline of research into Interaktomen is Interaktomik ( Interactomics ). The size of the interactome has also been suggested as a measure of the complexity of an organism.

history

Even after the complete sequencing of various genomes , including that of the human genome in the Human Genome Project , many questions regarding the understanding of how organisms work remained unanswered. One of the next steps (cf. -omics ) is to uncover the interactions within the proteome . For example, understanding the complex protein-protein interactions in signal transduction pathways is an approach to treating various diseases such as cancer .

Research into the interactome of the model organism baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), whose proteome and interactome are largely known, is particularly well advanced . The level of knowledge in this regard is far lower in humans: A work by Stumpf et al. estimated that the human interactome contains approximately 650,000 protein interactions, less than 0.3% of which are currently known. The authors also suggested the size of the interactome network as a measure of the complexity of an organism. From the estimates it follows that in contrast to the genome ( Kohl's genome contains more genes than that of humans, see Genome # Genome sizes ), the human interactome is significantly larger than that of other organisms that we would call less complex. So the size of the interactome could better correspond to our intuitive understanding of a complexity measure.

Methods for exploring interactomes

There are several methods for analyzing protein-protein interactions, including the Yeast Two-Hybrid System or TAP ( Tandem Affinity Purification ). However, many of the current techniques are still prone to error.

There are different databases for interactome networks, for example:

  • Reactome
  • Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP)
  • IntAct - The Molecular Interaction Database
  • BioGRID

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Gavin CKW Koh, et al .: Analyzing Protein – Protein Interaction Networks. In: Journal of Proteome Research 2012 11 (4), 2014-2031 doi: 10.1021 / pr201211w
  2. ↑ Stumpf M, Thorne T, et al .: Estimating the size of the human interactome. PNAS , 2008, 105 (19): 6959 doi: 10.1073 / pnas.0708078105
  3. ↑ LA Amaral: A Truer measure of our ignorance. In: PNAS , 2008, 105 (19): 6795 doi: 10.1073 / pnas.0802459105
  4. ↑ APID (Agile Protein Interaction DataAnalizer)
  5. ↑ IntAct
  6. ↑ BioGRID - Database of Protein and Genetic Interactions

Web links