Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
IANA logo

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ( IANA , for example: Authority for the assigned numbers of the Internet ) is a department of ICANN and responsible for the assignment of numbers and names on the Internet , especially IP addresses. It is one of the oldest institutions on the Internet.

Functions

Like an accountant, the IANA serves certain registrations without structuring them itself. The bookings at IANA are for the purpose of coordination.

The IANA publishes the inventory of public IP addresses of each individual Regional Internet Registry .

Conversely, the IANA coordinates name resolution by registering and publishing the root name server and Network Information Center .

In addition, the IANA registers many codes contained in specifications of network protocols , e.g. B. the list of standardized ports .

Furthermore, the Private Enterprise Numbers (PENs) are assigned by the IANA, which are part of every OID of the SNMP protocol .

history

Jonathan Postel was originally the IANA. Steve Crocker later described the naming as "lofty and not serious" ("lofty and tongue in cheek"). Postel took on this role as a student at the University of California at Los Angeles and continued it at the University of Southern California (USC). Officially, the responsibility for the IANA lay with DARPA , which had signed a contract with the USC to finance and run the IANA. With the end of the research projects of DARPA and the NSF for the development and operation of the Internet, the US government under Bill Clinton decided to commission an organization under private law to carry out the IANA function. ICANN was founded in 1998 for this purpose . DARPA has passed oversight responsibility to NTIA , an agency of the United States Department of Commerce .

The precise tasks and organization of the IANA have been regulated by a contract between NTIA and ICANN since 2000, which is regularly renewed. The last time that happened was on July 1, 2012, when Rod Beckstrom signed the new agreement in Istanbul . Both parties have agreed on a continuation of the IANA for up to seven years, which is the longest term of all previous IANA contracts.

IP addresses

The IANA distributed IPv4 addresses in large blocks (typically the size / 8 in CIDR notation) to the RIRs , which then, according to their own rules, either to Local Internet Registries (LIR) as a so-called Provider Aggregatable Address Space (PA) or directly Distribute to end customers as Provider Independent Address Space (PI).

The IANA is also responsible for the delegation and assignment of IPv6 addresses, but has made it easy for itself in that it has simply distributed very large blocks to the RIRs, thus making further delegations unnecessary for the foreseeable future. The supply of delegated IPv6 addresses currently exceeds the demand many times over, as IPv6 is only slowly going into productive operation.

Web links

  • iana.org - Official website of the IANA (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Abuse Issues and IP Addresses . IANA. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  2. ^ Network Infrastructure Activities . University of Southern California. Archived from the original on May 26, 2013. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 23, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.isi.edu
  3. ↑ Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Policy For Allocation of IPv6 Blocks to Regional Internet Registries . ICANN. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  4. ↑ Root Servers . IANA. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  5. ↑ Root Zone Database . IANA. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  6. ^ Protocol Registries . IANA. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  7. ^ Vinton Cerf: RFC 2468 - I remember IANA . Internet Engineering Task Force . 1998. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  8. ↑ Public Interest Registry, Eric Wybenga: @ 10Million.ORG - A Quarter Century In The Life Of A Domain. 2012. page 49.
  9. ^ Statement of Policy on the Management of Internet Names and Addresses . United States Department of Commerce. June 5, 1998. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  10. ↑ Christoph Meinel, Harald Sack: Internetworking . Springer-Verlag, January 1, 2012, ISBN 978-3-540-92940-6 , pp. 17–.
  11. ↑ USC / ICANN Transition Agreement . ICANN. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  12. ^ ICANN's Major Agreements and Related Reports . ICANN. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  13. ↑ Florian Hitzelberger: IANA contract extended. In: domain-right. July 10, 2012, accessed November 23, 2015 .