Iquito

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Iquito
Language codes
ISO 639-3

iqu

The Iquito language belongs to the Záparo family of languages . Other names are Iquita, Ikito, Amacacore, Hamacore, Quiturano or Quiturra . Iquito is now threatened with extinction. Its speakers refer to themselves as paratacay .

distribution

Iquitos is spoken in the district Alto Nanay , in the province of Maynas the Peruvian region of Loreto . The Iquitos live on the upper reaches of the Río Nanay and in the basin of the Pintoyacu. Most inhabit three villages: San Antonio de Pintoyacu, Atalaya and Saboya. The territory of the Iquito borders on that of the Yagua (from the language family Peba-Yagua ) and that of the Cocama ( Tupí-Guaraní ), formerly also that of the now extinct Yameo (Peba-Yagua) and that of the Semigae (Záparo)

Number of speakers

In the 17th century there were still many members of the Iquito ethnic group. Many lived where the city of Iquitos is now. In 1925 the population was around 1,000, most of them monolingual. In the early 1960s, there were barely 100 speakers left who were threatened by acculturation in Spanish-speaking society. During the 1980s, the last of the monolingual Iquitos died. The children learned the language but did not use it; and the adults were bilingual. The older ones understood Spanish, but only spoke Iquito. At the beginning of the 21st century the people only had 350 members. Only 22 to 26 of these spoke perfect Iquito.

Many Iquito died from introduced diseases. The rubber boom in the area and land grabbing by large landowners had devastating effects on the people as their original way of life was made almost impossible.

bibliography

  • Christine Beier and Lev Michael: La condición actual del idioma indígena iquito y las claves factores afectando al proyecto de su recuperación. Cabeceras Aid Project, Austin, TX 2002.
  • Jean-Pierre Chaumeil: La legend d'Iquitos. In: Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Études Andines. Volume 21/1, 1992, pp. 311-325.
  • Alain Fabre: Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos . Tamperen Teknillinen Ylliopisto, Tampere 2005 (in progress; online version: http://butler.cc.tut.fi/~fabre/BookInternetVersio/ )
  • Raymond G. Gordon, Jr. (Ed.): Ethnologue: Languages ​​of the World, Fifteenth edition. SIL International, Dallas, Texas 2005. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/
  • Gustavo Solís Fonseca: Perú: multilingüismo y extinción de lenguas. In: América Indígena. Volume 47/4, Mexico 1987.
  • Günter Tessmann: The Indians of Northeast Peru. Hamburg 1930.
  • Viola G. Waterhouse (Ed.): Studies in Peruvian Indian languages ​​1 . Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics and Related Fields, 9th Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, Norman 1963.
  • Mary Ruth Wise: Small language families and isolates in Peru. In: RMW Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.): The Amazonian languages. Cambridge University Press , Cambridge 1999, pp. 307-340.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ paisanos - Chaumeil (1992)