Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty

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The Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty was signed on March 26, 1979 in the US capital Washington by Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar as-Sadat . US President Jimmy Carter signed the peace treaty as a witness , as did the previous Camp David agreement .

In addition to mutual recognition, the treaty determined the end of the state of war that had existed since 1948. It also stipulated that Israel should return the Sinai Peninsula, along with the oil wells and strategic points there, dismantle the Israeli settlements and remove the Jewish population from these areas (including by using force, as in Jamit ). Also, the free passage of Israeli ships through the Suez Canal was ensured and the Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba recognized as international waterways.

With this treaty, Egypt was the first Arab state to officially recognize Israel. Jordan followed in 1994 with the Israeli-Jordanian peace treaty , for which it was compensated with large monetary payments from the USA. The Arab League excluded Egypt from its organization due to the peace agreement and only accepted the country again in 1989, because Egypt thereby violated the diplomatic and economic boycott of Israel by the Arab League .

However, with this success came a defeat. Jimmy Carter, who mediated between the two parties, initially sought a comprehensive solution to the Middle East conflict , including the Soviet Union. However, Israel sought direct contact with Egypt in order to finally reach a separate solution. Since Carter publicly supported these efforts, he prevented a comprehensive solution and also alienated the Soviets, who felt they had been betrayed by him.

In addition, Egypt and its president Anwar as-Sadat drew the ire of the Islamists and most of the other Arab states because it broke a taboo by recognizing Israel. As a major consequence of this, Anwar as-Sadat was murdered by Islamists two years later.

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