Calvörde Jewish Community

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The history of the Jewish community in Calvörde began with the arrival of the first Jews in 1752 and after just a few decades the majority of the Jewish families moved from Calvörde for economic reasons .

Emergence

In the 18th century, Calvörde and the entire office of Calvörde belonged to the Duchy of Braunschweig . At that time, Jews had the opportunity to purchase a letter of protection from the sovereign for a corresponding fee. Since Jews had no civil rights , the letter guaranteed them certain security. During this time a synagogue and a Jewish cemetery were built .

Jewish Cemetery

The Jewish cemetery in Calvörde was probably laid out in the second half of the 18th century in the corridor "Schäffertrift" (or "Beyond the sheep farm"). This is located about 1 km south of Calvörde on the edge of a forest area. There are still seven tombstones ( mazewot ) in the cemetery today . Two of them are destroyed and three are standing upright. The oldest still legible stone is from 1787, the youngest from 1866. The cemetery area is 450 m². The property is bordered by a 50 cm deep trench. Although there are barely visible remains in the cemetery, graves were desecrated in 1982 and 1983. In 1984 the cemetery was restored; the tombstones were put up again.

Gravestones in the Jewish cemetery

Time of the Kingdom of Westphalia

During the Napoleonic period, the Calvörde area belonged to the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1808 as the canton of Calvörde . According to a record dated May 20, 1808, Israel Joel was the spiritual teacher of the Jewish community. Every month a rabbi came to hold the service in the Calvörde synagogue .

When the Civil Code was passed in 1804 , which regulated the equality of all citizens, the Jews were obliged to take German family names as well as their own. The letter of protection was thus obsolete, but the term had become firmly established in the minds of the residents.
Certificates were issued at that time about engagement, marriage and death. These were signed by the then Maire der Commune (mayor) and the canton of Calvörde AW Vibrans.

Between 1808 and 1810 four marriages between Jews were concluded in Calvörde.

  • October 24, 1808: Jacob Herz Friede (29 years old) and Hebe Danne (16 years old)
  • October 24, 1808: Hertz Friede (26 years old) and Itzig from Fallersleben (21 years old)
  • January 26, 1810: Salomon Moses Cup and Rahel Magnus from Stendal
  • March 28, 1810: Philipp Salomon Harwitz (28 years old) and Sara Salomon

In the period from 1808 to 1810 5 births were recorded.

The End

The Jews mostly earned their living by trading and lending money. As a result of the establishment of the German Customs Association in 1834 and the relocation of the freight road connection from Hamburg to Leipzig , which had previously led via Calvörde, the community began to decline. These circumstances meant that the majority of the Jewish families moved from Calvörde again.
Individual Jewish families were active as traders in Calvörde during the German Empire until the Nazi era, such as Moses Mug, he ran a hat and cap warehouse and ran a shoe and boot shop.

literature

  • Rudi Fischer: The history of the Jews in Calvörde (Dr. Reinhard Rücker) in 800 years of Calvörde, a chronicle until 1991
  • Jürgen Schrader: The Patch of Calvörde - A 1200-year history , Calvörde 2011, ISBN 978-3-89533-808-3

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Rudi Fischer: 800 years Calvörde - a chronicle up to 1991 .
  2. ↑ Calvörde, Flecken (BK). In: Jewish cemeteries in Saxony. Part 1 - Overview and places AF (Alemannia Judaica)
  3. ↑ Jürgen Schrader: Der Flecken Calvörde - A 1200-year history , The Jews in Calvörde, p. 118

Web links

Coordinates: 52 ° 23 ′ 45.8 ″  N , 11 ° 18 ′ 6.3 ″  E