Engelswies

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Engelswies
community Inzigkofen
Former municipal coat of arms of Engelswies
Coordinates: 48 ° 2 ′ 31 ″  N , 9 ° 8 ′ 2 ″  E
Height : 673 m
Area : 7.49 km²
Residents : 632  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 84 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 72514
Primaries : 07571, 07575

Engelswies is a suburb of the municipality of Inzigkofen with 632 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016) in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

Geographical location

Engelswies is located around five kilometers southwest of Inzigkofen at around 670 m above sea level. The district area covers around 749 hectares (as of April 30, 2015). The highest point of the place is the "Talsberg".

geology

The sedimentary rocks of the Lower Miocene ( Carpathian ) can be found on Engelswies as baked freshwater limestone. They contain flora and small mammal fauna. At the “Thalesberge” the plants (Cinnamomum polymorphum, C. Rossmaeslerie and Glyptostrubus europaeus) lie in a tuff-like freshwater limestone. Mammals of the types Chalicomys Jaegeri, Anchitherium aurelianense, Doreatherium vindobonense, Paleomeryx Bojani and Paleomeryx Kaupii Myr., Rhinocerus minutus, Rhinocerus incisivus Cuv were also found. and Mastodon augustidens Cuv.

history

Prehistory and early history

The Engelwieser Markung was probably already a settlement area in prehistoric times. Around 1.5 kilometers south of Vilsingen in the “Hackenberg” forest, there is a large burial mound in which a wagon was found. From Roman times , the road body of a 3.5 to 4 meter wide Roman road has been proven in Vilsinger district . It stretched over 25 kilometers from Vilsingen through Kreenheinstetten and Leibertingen to Buchheim , Neuhausen ob Eck and Tuttlingen ( Tuttlingen Castle ). From Vilsingen it branched off on the one hand in the direction of Inzigkofen ( Roman estate Inzigkofen ) and Laiz (Donaufurt), on the other hand via Josefslust to Ennetach ( Ennetach fort ). The road system was probably part of the Donausüdstraße .

middle Ages

Engelswies, together with Vilsingen, is one of the earliest mentioned places in the region. They were first noted in the early Middle Ages in a document dated 793 in the St. Gallen document book. A Peratoldus made a large donation to the St. Gallen Monastery , including goods in Kelteswis (prescribed for Ingelteswis ) and Filisininga . In 817 Ingolteswis and Filisininga were mentioned when the property was transferred from Petto to St. Gallen; At that time Engelswies was part of the Goldineshuntare under Count Hitto or part of the Scherragau . The place name Engelswies is derived from the proper name “Ingolt”, ie meadow of the Ingolt, from which Ingolswies , later Ingelschwiss and, as they say today, Engelschwies , was formed. A small settlement on the wide meadow at "Kalten Pronnen" in the immediate vicinity of a spring was the origin of the village. Around the year 1000 the settlement was extended to the nearby ridge, today called "calf pasture". In 1112 a small church with the image of the Mother of God was built in the middle of the few houses. The small village , which belonged to the Gutenstein rulership, died out through wars, fires and epidemics , and in 1231 it was completely destroyed along with the church, only the image of the painful Mother of God could be saved. The site remained deserted and was overgrown by trees and bushes.

Towards the end of the 13th century it passed from the Lords of Wildenstein to Habsburg . Habsburg pledged Engelswies in 1292, together with the Gutenstein reign, to the Lords of Magenbuch , later to the Lords of Ramsberg and in 1455 to the Lords of Zimmer . Around 1331 a tentative new settlement began on the old, now cleared square, and by 1360 there were again 17 courtyards of different sizes around the rebuilt little church. Plague-like epidemics ravaged the area at that time, from which many residents died. Military hardships and compulsory taxes caused the last remnants of the population to be withdrawn, and in 1450 the second Engelswies ceased to exist. Around 1500 there was no house in the village on the “calf pasture”.

In 1516 Gottfried Werner von Zimmer had a pilgrimage church and the Adler inn built to promote pilgrimage . This marked the beginning of the construction of the new village on its current location. On April 21, 1525, insurgent peasants gathered in the Adler . It came to a skirmish between soldiers of the Sigmaringer Count Felix von Werdenberg and the insurgents, whereby two farmers were killed. The number of inhabitants increased steadily, in particular because of the strong influx of people from the Allgäu looking for settlement land, to whom the Lord von Zimmer released land for clearing in 1536. In 1554, Engelswies lost 100 Jauchert forest and 300 Jauchert pasture to Vilsingen. 40 houses, barns and stables were built within 30 years, not counting. After the death of the last Count of Zimmer, the Gutenstein lordship with Engelswies fell back to Austria in 1594.

Modern

In the 17th century, Gutenstein's rule was passed to the Count Schenk von Castell . Because Engelswies, although belonging to the Gutenstein lordship, was in the area of ​​the Sigmaringen county , the Sigmaringen count always exercised high authority. In the years that followed, Engelswies prospered. In 1626 school lessons began in a farmhouse. In 1688, people began to dig for Bohnerz in the "Kaiacker" . As a result, 3000 to 4000 guilders came into the community in some years . In 1714 the benefit house (rectory) was built. Between 1721 and 1724 a new pilgrimage church was built; the inauguration took place on December 8, 1723. Construction of the tithe barn began as early as 1727 and the Verena chapel was rebuilt in 1730 . In 1782 a school was set up in the sacristan's house . But Engelswies soon experienced terrible days in the wars that the French Revolution (1789 to 1799) had provoked. During the First Coalition War , when the revolutionary army was in retreat in October 1796, troops of the French general Jean-Victor Moreau moved on the road from Sigmaringen to Messkirch on October 6th. One of the soldiers penetrated the Engelswieser rectory to loot. There he was shot in self-defense by the pastor's brother. The French were not interested in self-defense or not. Since they were unable to take the pastor's brother into custody, they arrested the pastor and his sacristan. The two men were mistreated by the soldiers and taken to Mühlheim an der Donau . They only escaped execution because the Mühlheim Baron von Enzberg interceded for their release and negotiated a ransom. But the Engelswieser civilian population was hit all the harder. On the night of October 7th, the French attacked the village and set numerous houses on fire. However, they did not succeed in setting the pilgrimage church on fire, but the parish and school house. But they devastated the church. They also took some women and girls to church and raped them there. Two years later the rectory was rebuilt and a school building was built in Kirchbühl in 1829.

The Castell possessions were the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 mediated . Engelswies came under the sovereignty of Württemberg in 1805 and was added to the Württemberg Oberamt Tuttlingen . In 1810, Württemberg ceded to the Grand Duchy of Baden in the border treaty between Württemberg and Baden Engelwies , which meant that the community became part of the Baden district office of Stetten am kalten Markt . In 1813 the community was assigned to the district office of Meßkirch and in 1824 to the district office of Pfullendorf . Engelswies thus belonged to the Baden lake district . As early as 1816, peat cutting began in the reed meadows “Hirte” and “Winterried”, and this acquisition continued until the beginning of the 20th century. In 1834 Engelswies bought himself free of all obligations towards the Gutenstein manor for 29,500 fl and received all forests and commons from the manor as community property . In 1840 the new cemetery was laid out on the Sandbühl. The obligation to tithe for 13,000 guilders was replaced in 1843. In 1849, Engelswies received its own parish, whereupon the neighboring village of Langenhart was incorporated two years later . In 1856 a poor house was bought. Engelswies joined the Heuberg water supply to the right of the Danube in 1898 .

In the years 1912 and 1913 the construction of the new school house on the main street fell; In 1920/21 Engelswies was connected to the power grid. Engelswies came to the Stockach district office via the Pfullendorf office in 1936 . With the progressive mechanization and specialization in agriculture after the currency reform of 1948 and the settlement of two companies in 1953 and 1958, the quiet Heubergweiler became a lively, pulsating industrial village. In 1964/65 a land consolidation was carried out. On the occasion of the district and territorial reform in Baden-Württemberg , Engelswies was reclassified from the dissolved Stockach district to the Sigmaringen district on January 1, 1973 , and finally incorporated into Inzigkofen on January 1, 1975. In 1993 Engelswies celebrated its 1200th anniversary.

politics

Mayor

The mayor of Engelswies is Karl-Heinz Müller (as of 2019).

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the formerly independent municipality of Engelswies shows a silver angel, holding a red harp, standing in blue on green ground.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Pilgrimage church to Our Lady of Sorrows

Pilgrimage church to Our Lady of Sorrows

A pilgrimage has been documented in ancient records since 1112. Gottfried Werner von Zimmer had a new pilgrimage church built in 1516 and 1517. Since the 14th century there has been a pilgrimage in honor of Mater Dolorosa and Saint Verena in Engelswies, which is directly adjacent to the Messkirch and belongs to the parish of the Martinskirche in Messkirch. Its construction had to give way to a baroque church in the 18th century. The last interior renovation of the pilgrimage church and the uncovering of the mirror images on the organ gallery took place in 2001/2002. The church organ, dating from 1903, had to be repaired in 1906 because a mouse had gnawed at the membrane of the pneumatic control. In 1940 the installation of a new fan failed due to a lack of money. In 1951 parts of the church ceiling fell onto the organ, whereupon the Baden Prime Minister was called in before the repairs could be carried out for 1715 marks.

St. Verena Chapel

Verena Chapel

A cult is assumed as early as the 7th century. Legend has it that because of the prolonged heat there was a great shortage of water and a shepherd boy believed that he would die of thirst. He therefore turned to God and Saint Mary and was heard. The Virgin Mary and Saint Verena appeared to him. Saint Verena poured water from her apron onto the earth, where a spring immediately sprang up. Our Lady touched the water with a staff and blessed it. Over the centuries, the spring did not quench the thirst of people and animals, but rather cleansed the sick, plague, miserable, afflicted, possessed and lepers from their bad conditions and made them healthy. The pious people therefore had a chapel built near the Verena fountain, in what is now called “Kohlhau”. Twice a year, on Trinity Sunday and the first Sunday in September, the faithful of the town and the surrounding area march in procession to the "Käppele" to venerate the well saint Verena. In 1730, the chapel received its present form through a thorough renovation. In 1993 and 1994 the Verena Chapel was renovated.

Soil monuments

On the Talsberg, south of Engelswies, there is the site of a 17 million year old ape tooth. The fossil molar found on June 24, 1973 belonged to the oldest Eurasian hominoid found to date.

societies

  • The Engelswieser Narrenzunft Köhlermaale was founded in 1994.

Regular events

  • An important part of the village tradition is the Swabian-Alemannic carnival . The local jester association has added the nickname Hoka to their fool figure and their fool call. Since then it has been called “Hoka zia”. The Engelswieser Köhler is said to have pulled the wood from the Gutstein forests over the border using long hooks without having to cross the boundary.
  • In Engelswies is on every year since 1991 Funkensonntag by the volunteer fire department on the Talsberg the custom of the beacon held.

literature

  • Max Beck: Inzigkofen - short chronicle with pictures from Inzigkofen, Vilsingen and Engelswies. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1988, ISBN 3-89264-208-7 .
  • Jakob Ebner: History of the pilgrimage and the village of Engelswies near Meßkirch. 1923.
  • Edwin Ernst Weber: Between pilgrimage, poverty and liberalism. The local history of Engelswies in village testimonies (= local history series of publications of the district of Sigmaringen, Volume 3, edited by the district of Sigmaringen). Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1994.
  • WE - Inzigkofen municipality. 2015/01

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ WE - Inzigkofen municipality. 2015/01. P. 7
  2. ↑ WE - Inzigkofen municipality. 2015/01. P. 7
  3. ^ Karl Mägerle (km): Witch decorates the heap of straw . In: Südkurier of March 11, 2011
  4. ↑ Reinhard Ziegler: The Untermiozänen small mammal faunas from the freshwater limestone of Engelswies and Schellenfeld near Sigmaringen (Baden-Württemberg) . In: Stuttgart contributions to natural history . Volume 228; ed. from the State Museum of Natural History, 1995
  5. ↑ Günter Schweigert: The submiocene flora (Karpatium, MN 5) of the freshwater limestone from Engelswies near Messkirch (Baden-Württemberg) . In: Stuttgart contributions to natural history . No. 188; ed. from the State Museum of Natural History, 1992
  6. ↑ Erwin Rutte: The algae limestone from the Miocene from Engelswies in Baden . 1953
  7. ^ Oswald Heer: Overview of the tertiary flora of Europe . In. Investigations into the climate and vegetation conditions of the tertiary country . Publishing house of the Lithographisch-Topographischen Anstalt von Wurster & Comp. 1860. p. 85.
  8. ↑ Cf. Oscar Paret : Württemberg in prehistoric times . Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 17. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958. p. 268
  9. ↑ See Bonner Jahrbücher, Vol. 70-72 ; ed. from the Association of Friends of Antiquity in the Rhineland and the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn. Publishing house Böhlau, 1881.
  10. ↑ See West German Journal for History and Art, Volume 18 . F. Lintz publishing house, 1899.
  11. ^ Franz Quarthal: Between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb: the land on the upper Neckar . In: Publication of the Alemannic Institute Freiburg i. Br., Issue 52 . Sigmaringen: Verlag Thorbecke, 1984. ISBN 3-7995-4034-2 .
  12. ^ Heinrich Büttner: From constitutional and state history. Volume 2 ; in: From constitutional and regional history: Festschrift for the 70th birthday of Theodor Mayer, offered by his friends and students . Verlag Jan Thorbecke, 1955. p. 61
  13. ^ Wilhelm Schneider: naming work . In: Work on the early Alemannic history. Volume 12-13 . Self-published by W. Schneider, 1975
  14. ↑ Michael Borgolte: The Counts of Alemannia in Merovingian and Carolingian times: a prosopography . Volume 2; ed. of archeology and history. Sigmaringen: Verlag Jan Thorbecke, 1986. S. 144; ISBN 3-7995-7351-8
  15. ^ Communications on patriotic history, Vol. 7-13 ; ed. from the Historical Association of the Canton of St. Gallen. Fehr'sche Buchhandlung, 1868; P. 217
  16. ^ Hermann-Peter Steinmüller (hps): When the pastor feared for his life . In: "Südkurier" from January 2, 2015
  17. ↑ See Max Beck (1988)
  18. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 550 .
  19. ↑ a b See Badische Heimat. Issue 21-22. 1934, p. 126
  20. ↑ Hermann-Peter Steinmüller (hps): 288 pages of cultural history . In: Südkurier of November 24, 2010
  21. ↑ The Engelswieser pastor Brendle recorded the origin of the pilgrimage in writing in 1717 according to existing documents.
  22. ↑ The time of the building is not known
  23. ↑ See The St. Verena Chapel . Engelswies, May 1994
  24. ↑ The oldest great apes in Eurasia lived in Swabia ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the side of the University of Tübingen; Retrieved April 14, 2015  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.paleo.uni-tuebingen.de
  25. ↑ Alfred Th. Heim: From water princes, Schilpen and Hornasen . In: Südkurier of June 13, 2003
  26. ↑ Jennifer Kuhlmann (jek): Sparkfire is ignited. Firefighters from Engelswies look forward to visitors. In: Schwäbische Zeitung of March 12, 2011