Laiz

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Laiz
District town of Sigmaringen
Former Laiz municipal coat of arms
Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ′ 44 ″  N , 9 ° 11 ′ 44 ″  E
Height : 577 m
Area : 9.79 km²
Residents : 2856
Population density : 292 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 72488
Area code : 07571
Laiz on the Danube
Laiz on the Danube

Laiz is a district of the Baden-Württemberg city ​​of Sigmaringen in the district of Sigmaringen ( Germany ). Until 1974 Laiz was an independent community. In 1975 the place was incorporated into the district town of Sigmaringen.

geography

Geographical location

Laiz is located in the Obere Donau Nature Park , around 1.7 kilometers west of Sigmaringen city center, which can be reached quickly by bus or bike.

geology

Geologic is Laiz in an interesting transition point where the by steep to Jura rock concentrated river bed of the river Danube in the direction of the adjacent circuit Sigmaringen in the flood plain , to the lock Sigmaringen , widened and the Moränegebiet begins.

history

Prehistory and early history

Favored by its location, Laiz was an early settlement area. Finds from the Bronze Age Urnfield Culture speak demonstrably for a first settlement between 1000 and 500 BC. Numerous Celtic burial mounds with richly painted and ornamented objects were discovered from the Iron Age Hallstatt period . The Celts in Laiz were connected to the Heuneburg through the Danube . From around 50 to 80 AD, the Danube formed the border of the Roman Empire . At that time, a Roman road from Switzerland led via Laiz to the provincial capital Mogontiacum (Mainz). It was very important in the Roman road network of that time. The ford lay below the Danube weir , where the remains of a wooden bridge were found during the Danube regulation in 1975. Finds and excavations of two Roman manors in the Laizer Gewann "Bergöschle" and in the adjacent Inzigkofer Gewann "Krummäcker" indicate its importance as a fertile agricultural region in the beginning of the 3rd century. The remains of one of the courtyards were found in the middle of the 19th century; the second courtyard was discovered in 1976 during a flight reconnaissance. A found Roman javelin with a triangular point and a square iron lance point are in the prehistoric and early historical collection in Sigmaringen Castle .

middle Ages

Laiz around 1798

Early evidence from the Middle Ages underpins the view that Laiz can be described as an important part of the village. The first documentary evidence comes from the high Middle Ages ; in an original document from 1231 a Dominus Adalbert de Laizen was named as a witness. This could stand for a local nobility from Laiz who appeared at short notice or could have been the first pastor of Laiz. This would explain why the castle and town of Sigmaringen were initially attached to the - presumably older - parish of Laiz, although Sigmaringen is mentioned earlier in a document. The close connection between Laiz and Sigmaringendorf with Sigmaringen also has historical roots. In 1275, 15 parishes belonged to the Laiz deanery. From 1282 there is a mention of the knight Johannes von Hornstein, who was named as the mill owner.

At the end of the 13th century, the rule passed to the Habsburgs . In the Habsburg land register of 1300, the Laiz properties and their tax power were listed. In the Middle Ages, Laiz was assumed to have a maximum population of 200 people. Belonging to the parish of Laiz, the branches Sigmaringen, Brenzkofen, Gorheim, Hedingen, Bold (Paulterhof), Inzigkofen, Ober- and Unterschmeien were named in 1377 . In 1399 Laiz was owned by the Counts of Werdenberg zu Heiligenberg and Sigmaringen. In 1535 the Counts of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ruled Laiz. In 1586 the miraculous image from Ebingen found the highest veneration in Laiz. The Thirty Years' War brought plague in 1630, looting and contributions to Laiz. Despite later having their own parish, the deceased from Sigmaringen found their final resting place in the Laizer cemetery near the church until 1744.

Continuous source material on the local history of Laiz is already available for the 300 years from the Reformation (from 1517) to the French Revolution (1789 to 1799). The rural agriculture and the flood-prone location on the Danube were also characteristic of these centuries. The tax documents in particular provide interesting information. Among other things, there was a clear separation between wealthy farmers and day laborers. What has always characterized the Laizer is their autonomy and self-confidence, with which they asserted and assert themselves against masters and neighbors. The triangle between Austrian sovereignty, Hohenzollern local rule and subjects favored this.

Modern

With the time of the Napoleonic Wars (1800–1814 / 15), a large wave of emigration began in Laiz in 1803 due to social hardship, initially to the east and later to overseas. In 1810 Laiz came to the sovereign state of the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . On April 15, 1811, the community of Laiz concluded a first agreement with the Prince of Sigmaringen about the abolition of serfdom. In 1813 the principalities were incorporated into the German Confederation. In Laiz there were great famines in 1816/1817 and 1847, as in all of Germany. Towards the middle of the 19th century, Hohenzollern - and with it Laiz - received new municipal regulations with a mayor and local councilors. In 1887 Franz Eisele founded a pump factory with an iron foundry.

The 20th century was shaped by the two great world wars. In the First World War , Laiz mourned 31 dead. The Nazis left in Laiz its mark, even if gape in the archive significant gaps because obviously some cleansing had taken place. Nevertheless, in Laiz, even in unfree elections, the Catholic center remained in the first place of favor for a long time. After 1933 the staff carousel also turned here; however, there was no resistance to National Socialist conformity . One of the most drastic events of this time was the incorporation into Sigmaringen on April 1, 1938. After the outbreak of war, numerous forced laborers were committed to the Eisele company . 92 soldiers died in World War II . The French advanced on April 22, 1945.

On October 1, 1945, Laiz was separated from Sigmaringen by the French occupation authorities, citing the Nazi dictatorship. After the war, Laiz took in numerous refugees from the eastern regions. In the 1950s and 1960s the village was characterized by modernization and expansion: in 1949 a new bridge over the Danube was built as a symbol of a new beginning, the new development area "Borren" was developed in 1950 and the course of the river was corrected in 1975.

On the occasion of the community reform in Baden-Württemberg, Laiz again lost its independence; on January 1, 1975 the second incorporation to Sigmaringen took place.

politics

Mayor and Mayor

The mayors of Laiz after 1911

  • Alois Stroppel (1946–1948),
  • Paul Henselmann (1949–1965),
  • Hans-Peter Maier (1965–1974).

The mayor of Laiz from 1975:

  • Hermann Pfaff (1975),
  • Konrad Kienle (1976–1980),
  • Lothar Scheit (1980-2004),
  • Werner Kirschbaum (2004–2014),
  • Wolfgang Querner (since 2014).

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the former municipality of Laiz shows two black comb wheels (industrial wheels) in a split shield above in gold, and a standing golden stag below in red.

Culture and sights

In contrast to the current situation, the local poet Anton Schlude wrote in 1858: "Laiz has nothing more remarkable than the colossal picture of St. Christopher painted on the church tower."

Museums

  • The former hospice Laiz , one of the oldest buildings in Laiz, were treated in the leper in the Middle Ages patients, now houses the collection of the sculptor Josef Henselmann and his wife, the painter Marianne Henselmann . Until the thorough renovation of the infirmary by their son-in-law Lothar Henselmann, the collection was in Munich. Guided tours through the museum are usually offered on the first Sunday of each month on behalf of the "Hohenzoller Historical Society".

Buildings

  • The Laiz monastery had its origins in a hermitage from 1356, right next to the parish church "Our Lady". In 1456 it was named as the monastery of the Franciscan Tertiary Sisters. When a monastery fire broke out in 1525, Count Felix von Werdenberg († 1530) had the monastery rebuilt. The facility then experienced a great boom, which was also supported by extensive foundations. There was close contact with the Gorheim monastery . The Laizer monastery was abolished in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II . There were no women from Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen among the 15 or so women who were in the monastery until it was abolished .
  • The pilgrimage church “St. Peter and Paul ”, next to the inconspicuous former women's monastery, was built in 1308. The Laiz parish church has numerous sacred works of art from the Gothic and Baroque periods. The choir frescoes date from around 1430, the choir pictures and frescoes are the work of the Sigmaringen baroque painter Andreas Meinrad von Ow (1712–1792). The church also houses the altar of grace and the Magdalene altar. In addition, she has several important figurative works, including various depictions of the Madonna and some interesting tombs. In the 19th century, numerous repairs were necessary at the Laizer parish church, but these could only be repaired slowly due to lack of money. It was not until 1887 that the church was restored and a new rectory was built. In the time of National Socialism, repressions made church life difficult. During the First and Second World Wars, the bells were melted into cannons. In June 1949 there were three new bells. Up to the present there is always urgent renovation work. In 1972 a new cemetery was inaugurated.
  • Garrison Laiz : After there had already been a military training area, the "Nonnenhof barracks" was built from 1939 to 1941. For reasons of secrecy, there was talk of building a chicken farm. The radio center was a branch of the German military intelligence service under Admiral Wilhelm Canaris , from which the radio communication with the agents abroad was maintained. After the end of the war, a French garrison moved in in 1948 until the first recruits of the Bundeswehr arrived in 1958. The district's “Green Center” is now housed here.
Millennium Well Laiz
  • In 2000 the " Millennium Fountain " was inaugurated by Ursula Stock as a symbol for a new millennium in front of the Laizer town hall.
  • The Danube Bridge was built between 1949 and 1950. In 1999 the building was renovated and provided with a magnificent railing.
  • The "Christophorus Fountain" is a drinking water fountain created by Josef Henselmann, it is located at the beginning of the Danube bridge directly on the Danube Cycle Path .
  • The “Danube hydropower plant” in Laiz supplies around 400 households with energy. The "Bootsgasse" was specially built for boat travelers, and canoes are used on boat trips. Thanks to this technical facility, the Laizer weir is no obstacle for the fish.
  • The Laizer Backhaus was built in 1843, at that time it cost 1,364 guilders and 37 cruisers. Until 1955, bread was baked in the community oven three days a week by the people of Laiz. At the end of the 1970s, the bakery was taken over by the beam stretcher guild and renovated with the help of the city. Since then, the baking day has taken place once a month, except in August and on Carnival. The free firewood for the two ovens, each with up to 20 or 25 loaves of bread, is fetched from the city forest by the Laizer groom.

Natural monuments

  • The view over the narrow Danube valley and the village opens up from the “Borren” observation rock in the housing estate.

Regular events

  • Figures of the "Loizer Fasnet" are the "beam stretchers", who made their first public appearance on the occasion of Carnival in 1959. The name of the association is an adopted nickname, so the Laizer farmers are said to have tried to lengthen the bridge beams that were too short by pulling hard at both ends. There are also younger formations such as the “Laizer Landsknechtshaufen”, which has meanwhile achieved regional fame.

Economy and Infrastructure

Established businesses

In 1887, Franz Eisele (born September 18, 1864 in Gauselfingen ; † February 3, 1926) founded the pump factory of the same name. Franz Eisele is considered a pioneer of industrialization in Hohenzollern in the 19th century. His invention of the “EL” miracle pump (Eisele Laiz) caused a sensation at the time. In its heyday the company employed over 400 people; today it is just over 80. Bernd Eisele joined the company's management in 1980, his brother Michael followed in 1985.

Healthcare

From 1923 to 1994 the Hegne Sisters of the Cross were active in Laiz. They were entrusted with private nursing, kindergarten and a sewing and industrial school. They later also took care of the maintenance in Inzigkofen , Gutenstein and Thiergarten . In 1941, under pressure from the National Socialists, the sisters had to leave the kindergarten and industrial school by 1945. The kindergarten is now run by the Catholic community. After the last sewing sister withdrew, the sewing school was given up in 1973.

education

At the beginning of the 19th century, Laiz received a regular public school system with compulsory schooling due to the “General School Regulations for City and Country Schools”. The community had to - against the will of the community representatives - build a school house, which has been expanded several times since 1847. After 1933 National Socialist ideas found their way into the classrooms. At a conference of the Nazi teachers 'association in Sigmaringen in 1934, a series of lectures was held in the context of the Nazis' racial ideology. In 1943 a 35-person school class came to Laiz from Duisburg , evacuated from feared bombing raids in the Ruhr area. Due to the sharp increase in the Laiz population since the late 1940s, a new school building became necessary, which the Laizers inaugurated in 1960. The secondary school was founded in 1966. In 1971 the Laizer School became a neighborhood secondary school. In the mid-1980s, some students had to travel over 19 kilometers to get there. The secondary school was relocated to Sigmaringen in 2013 due to the declining number of pupils. The Academy for Health and Social Affairs is now located in its previous building; the primary school right next to it has eight classes. School sports are held in the sports hall next to the primary school. A rehearsal room for the Laiz band is attached. There is a lawn sports field and an ash court behind the school.

The Sigmaringen fashion school , located in Laiz, is a three-year vocational college in which training as a fashion designer can be completed. Since 1974 more than 2,000 pupils have attended the school in Sigmaringen.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Josef Eisele (1890–1972), entrepreneur
  • Karl Josef Haas (1892–1987), clergyman, pastor of Laiz from 1948
  • Josef Henselmann (1898–1987), sculptor born in Laiz, who was professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich from 1950

Sons and daughters of the place

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Johann Phillip Schwab (1711–1789), mayor
  • Xaver Henselmann (1881–1918), architect
  • Gerhard Berger (* 1933), professor, painter and graphic artist
  • Lothar Henselmann (* 1933), medical professor, chief physician
  • Elisabeth Volk, winner of the Baden-Württemberg Medal of Merit since 2005
  • Winfried Kretschmann (* 1948), politician (The Greens), Prime Minister

literature

  • Heinz Berger, Werner Kirschbaum, Karl Sprissler: 1231-2006. 775 years of Laiz. Anniversary year - a review . Laiz 2006.
  • Heinz Berger and Werner Kirschbaum (eds.): "From Laizen to Laiz" - Heimatbuch Laiz 1231–2010 (editor: Armin Heim). Stuttgart: Wais & Partner publishing office, 2010. ISBN 978-3-00-030790-4 .

swell

Web links

Commons : Laiz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Roman Bridge . Newspaper clipping No. 197. Stock N 1/53: Albert Waldenspul (1885–1979). Sigmaringen State Archives
  2. ↑ Ludwig Lindenschmit: The antiquities of our pagan prehistoric times: After the originals in public and private collections . compiled and ed. from the Roman-Germanic Central Museum in Mainz, Verlag Victor von Zabern, Mainz 1858
  3. ↑ Christoph Wartenberg: Laiz presents his dignified treasure trove of memories . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from April 25, 2010
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 550 .
  5. ↑ Vera Romeu: The Laizer infirmary has become an insider tip as a museum . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from July 5, 2008
  6. ^ Michael Hescheler: Laizer Heimatbuch. Balm for the tortured soul . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from April 10, 2010
  7. ↑ Ute Korn-Amann (uka): Delicious: The bar stretchers are used to bake. For almost 170 years the stoves have been fired like in grandma’s time. In: Schwäbische Zeitung of May 30, 2011
  8. ↑ Alfred Th. Heim: From water princes, Schilpen and Hornasen . In: Südkurier of June 13, 2003
  9. ^ Kurt Loescher: Eisele company makes theater . In: Südkurier of April 10, 2010