District Office (Baden)
Bezirksamt was the name used in Baden from 1864 to 1939 for the lower state administrative authority .
history
Since the Margraviate of Baden , since 1803 the Electorate of Baden and since 1806 the Grand Duchy of Baden , experienced considerable territorial enlargements from 1803 to 1810, the administration had to be reorganized. In some cases, the old official designations , such as those from the Electoral Palatinate , were adopted, or new designations such as staff office and district office were introduced.
That is why the following official designations existed until 1864 (see also Baden's administrative structure ): city management , city office, land office , staff office, city bailiff office, upper office, upper bailiff office, civil office, sovereign office and manorial office.
It goes without saying that these different offices also had different tasks and legal positions. However, the Baden administration was redesigned and standardized in a long process until 1864. With the law on the organization of internal administration of October 5, 1863, effective October 1, 1864, the authorities at this level of administration were uniformly designated as district offices .
On January 1, 1939, all Baden district offices were given the designation "Der Landrat" . The administrative districts were also renamed administrative districts .
By the law on the district self-government in Baden (district regulation) of June 24, 1939, the previous districts were dissolved on June 15, 1939. The previous districts as an association of local self-government and the previous state district offices were replaced by the new districts as lower state administrative districts ( organ lending ) and at the same time self-governing body .
task
At the head of the office stood the bailiff or senior bailiff . He headed the office, which supervised the administration of all municipalities in the office on behalf of the government . The district office formed the lowest police authority, it formed the first instance of the judiciary in all civil cases (until the establishment of the local courts in 1857). Each district had a district doctor , called a Physikus , who oversaw the doctors, veterinarians and midwives.
development
| Baden districts | |
|---|---|
| 1810 | 115 total: 67 sovereign, 48 civil (average 8,710 inhabitants) |
| 1832 | 78 total: 56 sovereign, 22 civil (average: 18 236 inhabitants) |
| 1860 | 64 regional administrative districts (average 20,874 inhabitants) |
| 1864 | 59 sovereign administrative districts (average 24 279 inhabitants) |
literature
- Karl Stiefel : State Administration. A. Organization. In: Baden 1648-1952. Volume II, Karlsruhe 1979, pp. 1085-1101.
- Cornelius Gorka: The prehistory. Official bodies, higher offices, districts and their interest groups until 1945. Baden. pdf 419 kB; accessed on January 25, 2020
- Bernd Wunder : The Baden civil service between the Confederation of the Rhine and the founding of the Empire (1806−1871). Service law, pension, training, career, social profile and political stance . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-17-014379-4 ( Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Series B, Research . Volume 136)
