Ivančice Jewish Community
The Jewish community in Ivančice (German Eibenschütz or Eibenschitz ), a town in the Okres Brno-venkov district in the Czech Republic , was established in the second half of the 15th century. The Jewish community was wiped out by the German occupiers during World War II .
history
It is said that Jews have lived in Ivančice since the 10th century , making the place one of the oldest Jewish-inhabited places in Moravia . The Jewish community can only be documented in the second half of the 15th century. In 1721, Prince Anton Florian von Lichtenstein issued a Jewish code that regulated the life of Jews in the town of Ivančice. At that time the Jews lived like a ghetto in three streets near today's Comenius Square. After the fire of 1710, the Jewish quarter had to be rebuilt. There was always a synagogue here , the last one was built from 1851 to 1853. From the 1820s until 1902 there was a Jewish elementary school . There was also a yeshiva in Ivančice until 1840 , from which numerous rabbis emerged . One of them was the father of the famous scholar Jonathan Eybeschütz (1690–1764). The oldest evidence of Jewish life is the Jewish cemetery northwest of the city on Mřenková Street. It was laid out at the beginning of the 16th century at the latest.
As a result of emigration and emigration, the proportion of Jews in the city of Ivančice had sunk to less than 2% by the early 1930s. After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia , an internment camp for Jews was set up in the city .
After the Second World War there was a brief Jewish community again in Ivančice.
Community development
| year | Parishioners | in% of the total population |
|---|---|---|
| 1618 | 19 families | |
| 1791 | approx. 530 people | approx. 20% of the population |
| 1830 | approx. 800 people | |
| around 1855 | approx. 630 people | |
| 1870 | approx. 600 people | |
| 1880 | 122 people | |
| 1900 | 91 people | |
| 1930 | 141 people |
Personalities
- Guido Adler (1855–1941), musicologist
- Hugo Weisgall (1912–1997), composer
See also
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 , Sp. 1062f. ( Online version ).
Web links
- Jewish History of Ivančice (accessed February 27, 2013)
