Jewish community of Pleisweiler
The Jewish community of Pleisweiler in Pleisweiler existed until 1901. After its dissolution, the Jewish residents belonged to the Jewish community of Bergzabern . It fell under the jurisdiction of the Landau district rabbinate .
history
Jews lived in Pleisweiler as early as the 17th century. The exact number is unknown. In 1808 51 members are mentioned in a document. Napoleon Bonaparte had issued decree 3589 in 1808, which obliged all citizens of Jewish faith to adopt a family name and to have it registered with the community. In 1825 the number of members reached its highest level with 63 members. At that time, the Jewish community made up 9 percent of the population of Pleisweiler. From this point on there was a wave of emigration, including to the United States, as well as emigration to the cities as a result of increasing industrialization. As a result, the number of members in the Jewish community fell sharply. By the middle of the 19th century, only 26 members of the Jewish community still lived in the village. In 1924 only one person of Jewish faith is mentioned in the town. Until the dissolution of the Jewish community in 1901, the members of the community officially belonged to the Jewish community of Klingenmünster . From 1901 the last Jews living in the area belonged to the Bergzabern Jewish community . During its existence, the community belonged to the Landau district rabbinate.
Development of the Jewish population
| year | Jews | Jewish families | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1808 | 51 | 9 percent of the population of Pleisweiler | |
| 1825 | 63 | 8 percent of the population of Pleisweiler | |
| 1847 | 26th | ||
| 1875 | 22nd | ||
| 1900 | 12 | ||
| 1924 | 1 |
Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de
Facilities
synagogue
The synagogue was built in 1830 at Schäfergasse 2. After their abandonment, the building was sold and converted into a residential building that is still in use today.
Mikveh
According to the sources, it cannot be proven whether there was a mikveh in the village, but it can be assumed.
graveyard
The community did not have its own cemetery. The Jewish cemetery in Annweiler and from then on the Jewish cemetery in Ingenheim was used for burials until the end of the 17th century .
school
The Jewish community at times maintained a Jewish religious school. The location of the premises used is not known.
Holocaust victim
The memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims by Yad Vashem only list one member of the Pleisweiler Jewish community who was murdered during the National Socialist era . This is Lina Frank, who was born in Pleisweiler in 1885 (data set Yad Vashem No. 3175160 and No. 11498489). She was deported from Bergzabern to the French internment camp in Gurs on October 22, 1940 as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign . On August 14, 1942, she was deported from the Drancy assembly camp (Transport 19 / Train 901-14) to the Auschwitz concentration camp , where she was murdered.
literature
- Bernhard Kukatzki: The stones speak: Evidence of Jewish life in the southern Weinstrasse district. Verlag Junge Literatur, Rhodt 1989, ISBN 978-3887172053 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Franz v. Lassaulx (ed.): Religious and civil constitution of the Jews in France. In: Annals of the legislation of Napoleon: a journal in informal notebooks (= Annals of the legislation of Napoleon: a magazine in informal notebooks. Volume 2). Pauli and Comp, Koblenz 1809, p. 31. ( digitized version )
- ↑ Klingenmünster . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
- ↑ a b Pleisweiler (community Pleisweiler-Oberhofen, VG Bad Bergzabern, district Südliche Weinstrasse) . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- ↑ a b Bad Bergzabern / Weinstrasse (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved April 28, 2020.