Klingenmünster Jewish Community

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The Klingenmünster Jewish community in Klingenmünster existed until the beginning of the 20th century. She belonged to the district rabbinate Landau .

history

Jews lived in the Klingenmünster area as early as the 14th century. This is evidenced by a list of taxes collected from Jews living in Klingenmünster by Raugraf Georg, who held the office of governor of the Reichslandvogtei Speyergau from 1304 to 1309 . Only in 1550 are two Jewish families in Klingenmünster mentioned who had a letter of protection. The community, which belonged to the district rabbinate in Landau, also included the Jewish residents of Klingen and Pleisweiler (until the dissolution of the Jewish community in Pleisweiler in 1901), although there was also a synagogue in Pleisweiler . The number of members of the Jewish community increased until the middle of the 19th century. From then on, it steadily decreased. At the beginning of the 20th century the community was dissolved because of its small number of members and the remaining inhabitants belonged to the Jewish community of Ingenheim from this point on . The most famous son of the Klingenmünster community is Michael Hahn , who emigrated to the United States with his family in 1839 at the age of 19 and was Governor of Louisiana from 1864 to 1965 . The last two Jewish residents were deported to the French internment camp Gurs in October 1940 as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign .

Development of the Jewish population

year Jews Jewish families comment
1550 2
1722 3
1743 4th
1808 44
1823 43
1847 56 11
1875 54
1900 40
1924 3
1933 3

Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de

Facilities

synagogue

The synagogue was on Bachgasse (today's Steinstrasse 3). It was established after 1943. The synagogue was probably sold around 1920 and demolished in 1946.

Mikveh

A mikveh has existed since the 18th century. It was in the basement of a private house. The location of the house is not known. In a report from 1828 the name of the owner of the house is mentioned, but not the location.

graveyard

The community did not have its own cemetery. The Jewish cemetery in Annweiler and from then on the Jewish cemetery in Ingenheim was used for burials until the end of the 17th century .

school

There was a Jewish religious school. At times, a separate religion teacher was employed, who also performed the duties of prayer leader and shochet .

Holocaust victim

In the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and in the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem the following members of the Jewish community Klingenmünster (who were born there or lived temporarily) are listed who were born during the Nazism were murdered:

Surname First name Time of death Age Place of death comment swell
Levis Emil September 20, 1940 70 years Hartheim killing center Deported in 1940 from the Eglfing-Haar sanatorium to the Hartheim killing center. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11574232) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Levy Alfred unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from November 15, 1938 to December 16, 1938. Emigrated to France. Deportation on October 22, 1940. 1942 from Gurs internment camp to Drancy assembly camp . On August 10, deportation from the Drancy assembly camp to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 11574423 and 783427) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Levy Gustav February 14, 1942 71 years Gurs internment camp Imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from November 14, 1938 to November 28, 1939. Deportation from Klingenmünster on October 22, 1940 to the Gurs internment camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11574894) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Seelenberger Anna Mária (Maria) August 3, 1940 54 years Grafeneck killing center Deportation on July 5, 1940 from the sanatorium and nursing home in Günzburg to the sanatorium and nursing home in Zwiefalten . Deported from the Zwiefalten sanatorium on July 30, 1940 to the Grafeneck killing center. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11631505) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Vollmer Kilian unknown unknown Hartheim killing center Deported in 1940 from the Regensburg sanatorium to the Eglfing-Haar sanatorium. Deported on September 20, 1940 to the Hartheim killing center. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11648851) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
  1. ↑ There are different spellings of the first name in the databases. Since the Yad Vashem database is partly based on handwritten reports on the victims of survivors, there are typographical errors here. Since all other data of the associated persons are absolutely identical, it can be assumed that they are the same persons. The Yad Vashem database has also partially merged these entries.

literature

  • Franz-Josef Ziwes: Studies on the history of the Jews in the central Rhine area during the high and late Middle Ages. In: Helmut Castritius (Hrsg.), Alfred Haverkamp (Hrsg.), Franz Irsigler (Hrsg.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Hrsg.): Research on the history of the Jews (= research on the history of the Jews. Volume 1). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1995, ISBN 978-3775256100 . ( online )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Franz-Josef Ziwes: Studies in the History of the Jews in the Middle Rhine area during the high and late Middle Ages. In: Helmut Castritius (Hrsg.), Alfred Haverkamp (Hrsg.), Franz Irsigler (Hrsg.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Hrsg.): Research on the history of the Jews (= research on the history of the Jews. Volume 1). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1995, ISBN 978-3775256100 . ( online ), p. 111.
  2. ↑ a b Klingenmünster . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b Klingenmünster (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  4. ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  5. ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved April 24, 2020.