Isar-Amper-Klinikum München-Ost
| Isar-Amper-Klinikum München-Ost | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Sponsorship | Clinics in the district of Upper Bavaria |
| place | Haar (near Munich) |
| state |
 Bavaria
|
| Country |
 Germany
|
| Coordinates | 48 ° 6 '58 " N , 11 ° 44' 32" E |
| management | Managing director: Franz Podechtl
Medical Director: Peter Brieger |
| Care level | Specialized hospital |
| beds | 1100 |
| Employee | 2400 |
| founding | 1905 |
| Website | www.iak-kmo.de |
The Isar-Amper-Klinikum München-Ost ( District Hospital Haar until the end of 2006 ) is a psychiatric and neurological hospital in Haar (near Munich) . The clinic is the academic teaching hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich .
history
In the late 19th century for the county was Oberbayern existing asylum at the Auerfeldstraße in Munich-Giesing reached the limits of their reception capacities, so that a new building was urgently needed. In 1898 it was planned that 1000 beds should be built. To this end, from 1901 to 1905 a new institution in the pavilion style prevailing at the time was built near the village of Haar on the site of the purchased hamlet of Eglfing . The basis for the planning was drawn up by the psychiatrist Friedrich Vocke , the construction of the uniform Art Nouveau complex was largely carried out by Carl Freiherr von Harsdorf (Bamberg) and Adolf Stauffer (Rosenheim). The Upper Bavarian District Insane Asylum in Eglfing had space for around 1200 patients on an area of 100 hectares with 60 buildings, 30 pavilions and 46 hospital wards, including service apartments and houses. The clinic was officially opened on July 12, 1905. The patients from Giesing were transferred within a month. Accommodation was separated according to gender and severity of the disease.
The fresh water supply was carried out since the opening of the company by its own water tower , consisting of the ground water is fed. The wastewater was fed into a sewage field system. There was a kitchen and laundry room on the site , which was run by 190 "quiet women" from among the patients. The house rules of 1912 stipulated that underwear was changed every 8 days and bed linen every 4 weeks.
Two years after the opening, an on-site electric locomotive from Siemens-Schuckert-Werke AG went into operation. It drove from the Haar train station to the institute's thermal power station and thus formed the shortest track system on the Deutsche Bundesbahn . In 1969 she made her last trip.
As early as 1909, the Eglfing nursing home was fully occupied with 1,350 beds and could no longer be expanded, so that in 1912 the Upper Bavarian District Insane Asylum in Haar was opened with around 900 beds on the immediately adjacent site . In 1931, both institutions were merged to form the Upper Bavarian District Medical and Care Institution .
The author Oskar Maria Graf was a patient in the hospital towards the end of the First World War and described his experiences in his autobiography We Are Prisoners .
time of the nationalsocialism
During the National Socialist period , at least 2,025 people with mental or physical disabilities were deported to the Nazi killing center Grafeneck and the Nazi killing center Hartheim near Linz and murdered there as part of the T4 campaign . some speak of more than 2,400 foster persons deported by or via Eglfing-Haar to the centers intended for “mercy”. After Action T4, further NS killings followed. As part of the Brandt campaign , which was supposed to ensure free hospital capacities, more patients were allowed to starve to death in the so-called " hunger houses", which was legalized by the hunger food decree of November 1942. Furthermore, 332 children were killed by an overdose of the sleeping pill Luminal . The medical director of the mental hospital in Eglfing-Haar, Hermann Pfannmüller , served as an expert for the extermination operation. In Haar, not only were killings determined, but also killed directly. On the basis of the hunger food waiver of 1942, two so-called "hunger houses" were set up. The separated patients received vegetables, potatoes and a daily slice of bread as food, which, according to tests in the Kaufbeur institution, led to "success". From the end of 1942 to mid-1945 444 patients probably died as a result of the diet. Haar not only had hunger houses for adults, but also a "children's department" for children with severe hereditary and genetic disorders. These children, registered since 1939, were also systematically deprived of nutrients and starved. For the murders committed in the Eglfing-Haar prison, three prison nurses were punished with a prison sentence of 2 years and 6 months each, and the prison director Pfannmüller was sentenced to 6 years in prison in 1949, with internment and pre-trial detention being taken into account.
post war period
The occupancy number peaked in the 1950s with around 3,000 beds.
In 1956 the clinic was renamed the Haar Nervenkrankenhaus near Munich in the Upper Bavaria district and in 1970 the Haar district hospital . Up until 1970, dormitories with an occupancy of 70 to 80 beds were the norm. This led to unacceptably tight spaces and poor hygienic conditions. Renovations and new buildings were given smaller care units with rooms for a maximum of three beds. In the past few decades, the clinic has built up a local and decentralized supply structure and in 2013 had six locations in the urban area of Munich.
The official name of the clinic has been kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum München-Ost since 2007 , where kbo stands for clinics in the district of Upper Bavaria .
Facility
The clinic today
Today, the Hospital Munich-East is a hospital for psychiatry with departments for geriatric psychiatry , forensic psychiatry , neurology , addiction treatment and psychotherapeutic medicine.
With just under 1100 beds (as of 2012), the clinic employs over 2400 people, making it the largest employer in Haar. It is also the largest psychiatric clinic in Germany.
It has several branch offices: the atrium house on Bavariastraße in Munich, the center for addiction disorders and crises on the grounds of the Schwabing Clinic and a day clinic and outpatient clinic in Fürstenfeldbruck. In 2012 the clinic opened a day clinic and outpatient clinic in Leopoldstr. 175 (Munich-Schwabing) and in 2013 a clinic with a total of six stations on the premises of the Schwabing Clinic.
The specialist hospital has its own plant fire brigade, which, due to the special nature of the patients, also has a telescopic articulated mast, which, in contrast to a turntable ladder, enables it to be placed on objects. Despite the relatively small area of the site, an average of over 100 missions are recorded each year.
As the teaching hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the hospital also has a library (focus on psychiatry, psychology and neurology) with around 32,000 media units (2016), library sigil Haar1.
The managing director of the kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum München-Ost is Franz Podechtl, the nursing director Hermann Schmid, and the medical director since November 1, 2016, Peter Brieger.
Significance in building history
More than 100 buildings on the grounds of the clinic are listed as architectural monuments in the Bavarian list of monuments, including the St. Raphael Church (Catholic) built in 1905, the asylum chapel (Protestant), the management building designed by Gabriel von Seidl , which was built for self- care and occupational therapy Manor and a water tower south of the park-like complex (see list of architectural monuments in Haar ).
museum
There is a psychiatry museum on the first floor of the former director’s villa (house 76) in six rooms and several passageways on the first floor of the clinic ; it was founded in 2005 for the centennial of the institution. It is always open on Sunday afternoons.
See also
literature
- Gerhard Schmidt: Selection in the sanatorium 1939–1945 . Frankfurt 1983 (about the time of National Socialism).
- Bernhard Richarz: Healing, caring for, killing. On the everyday history of a sanatorium and nursing home up to the end of National Socialism . Göttingen 1987 (over the period from 1905 to 1945).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://kbo-iak.de/index.php?id=342
- ↑ a b secondary source: information board in the Psychiatry Museum in Haar ; Primary source: Annual reports of the Munich district mental hospital 1901–1904, annual reports of the Eglfing mental hospital 1905–1908, Hartwig Dwinger "On the development of the Haar district hospital near Munich" 1979, annual report of the Munich district mental institution in 1898, annual report of the Munich local mental institution 1901, joint annual report of the Munich district mental hospital u. Healing u. Nursing home hair
- ↑ Secondary source: information board in the hair psychiatry museum ; Primary source: Annual report 1906 and house rules Eglfing Haar, 1914. F. Peisl, 50 years of groundwater observations at the Eglfing well, Bayer. State agency for hydrology in Munich
- ↑ Secondary source: information board in the hair psychiatry museum ; Primary source: Annual Report 1906/1907
- ↑ Petra Stockdreher: Eglfing-Haar sanatorium and nursing home. In: Michael von Cranach, Hans-Ludwig Siemen (Ed.): Psychiatry in National Socialism - The Bavarian Hospitals and Nursing Centers between 1933 and 1945. Munich 1999, p. 347.
- ^ Karl Stankiewitz: Trial run for the Holocaust: Death in the Hunger House of hair. In: evening newspaper. January 18, 2018, accessed February 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 144.
- ↑ Starvation: Eglfing-Haar. In: 14-denkmal.de. Retrieved February 2, 2020 .
- ^ Hermann Pfannmüller (1886–1961). In: 14-denkmal.de. Retrieved February 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Psychiatry. Retrieved August 30, 2018 .
- ↑ "Dormitory" display board in the Haar Psychiatry Museum
- ^ Correctiv.org: The Psychiatry Scandal , accessed February 11, 2017.
- ↑ Eckart Roloff , Karin Henke-Wendt: Psychiatry in the park from Art Nouveau times. The Psychiatry Museum in Haar. In: Visit your doctor or pharmacist. A tour through Germany's museums for medicine and pharmacy. Volume 2, Southern Germany. Verlag S. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-7776-2511-9 , pp. 102-104.