Minster Clinic Zwiefalten

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NDT South Württemberg

The former Münster Clinic Zwiefalten is located in the Reutlingen district in Baden-Württemberg in the former Zwiefalten monastery and is now a location of the ZfP Südwürttemberg as a clinic for psychiatry .

Establishment today

The ZfP location Zwiefalten comprises various specialized departments that belong to the Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy in the Alb-Neckar region. These are the departments for general psychiatry , geriatric psychiatry and psychotherapy , neuropsychiatry , addictions and psychosomatic medicine .

The work and living area offers various housing options for the care of mentally ill people of advanced age and people who cannot cope with everyday life on their own. The in-house wood and ceramics workshops, industry and horticulture enable work therapy and stress testing, professional training measures and supervised permanent jobs.

Also part of the ZfP Südwürttemberg is the Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, in which addictive lawbreakers from the regional court districts of Stuttgart , Ulm , Tübingen and Ravensburg are treated as part of the Baden-Württemberg penal system.

Other special offers at the Zwiefalten location include the treatment of younger people with psychotic illnesses and middle-aged people suffering from depression. As a new treatment concept, ward equivalent treatment (StäB) has been introduced as a model in the ZfP Südwürttemberg and the acute treatment of mentally ill people at home has been further developed since 2018.

A three-year training course can be completed in the in-house school for health and nursing, which is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the training and examination regulations under the Nursing Act.

The Württemberg Psychiatry Museum has been located in the former cemetery chapel and pathology department since 2003 . In a permanent exhibition, it shows the development of psychiatry as a medical science and the accommodation and treatment of mentally ill people over a period of 200 years.

history

Foundation and development of the sanatorium and nursing home in Zwiefalten

The clinic in Zwiefalten was founded on June 25, 1812, ten years after the monastery was secularized , as the “Royal Württemberg State Insane Asylum”. Since then, it has consistently been dedicated to the treatment and care of mentally ill people and is the oldest psychiatric clinic in Baden-Württemberg. The foundation marked the beginning of modern psychiatry in the region. Previously it was only about the custody of so-called mentally ill people , now the focus was increasingly on care and treatment. For the first time, doctors were responsible for the prison inmates.

After the restructuring of the state “care for the insane” in the medical college of the Kingdom of Württemberg in the 1830s, there were lasting changes in the form of improvements in accommodation options and expansion of work and treatment options for the sick. Since the turn of the 20th century, rehabilitation and social integration of the sick have been increasingly promoted as part of therapy offers. The sanatorium and nursing home in Zwiefalten was particularly known for the form of family care practiced since the 1890s, in which mentally ill people were entrusted to foster families, usually farming families. As a further form of work therapy, agricolon colonies were added.

time of the nationalsocialism

From 1933, hereditary biological discourses in the form of National Socialist racial hygiene were implemented politically. The compulsory sterilization of mentally ill and mentally handicapped people began in 1934 with the law for the prevention of genetically ill offspring. According to the current state of knowledge, around 200 men and women were forcibly sterilized by the Zwiefalten sanatorium. In 1935 the long-time director Julius Daiber was deposed by the National Socialists due to his political unreliability . Under the direction of his successor Hans W. Gruhle, who headed the institution until November 1939, the number of medical staff was expanded. However, this was done under the stipulation that the legally required hereditary inventory of the fosterlings be promoted. At the beginning of the war in 1939, the Rastatt nursing home in Baden was relocated to Zwiefalten with its staff and around 580 patients. By December 1940, about 1,500 foster people were deported from Zwiefalten to the Grafeneck killing center and murdered as part of the so-called Aktion T4 .

In the last years of the war, under the direction of the psychiatrist Martha Fauser, there was a steadily increasing death rate due to overcrowding, lack of care, malnutrition and unsustainable hygienic conditions as well as the targeted killing of individual patients by the institution staff. Martha Fauser was only removed from office in August 1945 and arrested by the French military police. In the Grafeneck Trial of 1949 she was sentenced to 18 months in prison for crimes against humanity and aiding and abetting murder.

Since the introduction of the day of remembrance for the victims of National Socialism by Federal President Roman Herzog , commemorative events have been organized on-site today on January 27, in close cooperation between the clinic and the Werkrealschule.

post war period

Despite initially insufficient space and personnel conditions there were early therapeutic approaches, such as the establishment of the first open-label women's ward in the 1950s and a first diagnosis-specific addiction station from 1961. It was followed by a supplement to the work therapy occupational therapy deals in the 1960s and maltherapeutische deals in the 1970s. At the end of the 1950s, individual and group therapeutic physiotherapy treatments were introduced, and targeted psychiatric exercise therapy was developed as a model from 1973 onwards. The first outreach therapeutic measures arose in the context of external care. After 1975, the clinic received further funding as part of the psychiatry inquiry . The structural renovation of the clinic began in the 1980s, with a simultaneous improvement in the personnel situation. Acute wards and other special wards and departments have been set up since the 1990s.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: Region Alb-Neckar. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  2. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: Department of General Psychiatry. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  3. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: Department of geriatric psychiatry. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  4. ^ ZfP Südwuerttemberg: Department of Neuropsychiatry. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  5. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: Department of Addiction Diseases. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Zwiefalten: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy from Stuttgart to Lake Constance - SINOVA. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  7. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: Housing department. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  8. ^ ZfP Südwuerttemberg: Specialized care. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  9. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: workshop. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  10. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: Clinic. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  11. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: Stations. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  12. ↑ NDT Südwürttemberg: MZEB. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  13. ^ ZfP Südwürttemberg: Stations. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Längle, Gerhard; Holzke, Martin and Gottlob Melanie: Caring for the mentally ill at home. Ward equivalent treatment manual. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2018.
  15. ↑ Health and Nursing School. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  16. ^ Württembergisches Psychiatry Museum Zwiefalten. Retrieved May 21, 2019 .
  17. ↑ a b Müller, Thomas and Kanis-Seyfried, Uta: A short history of psychiatry in Württemberg using the example of the Zwiefalten institution. In: Müller, Thomas, Reichelt, Bernd, Kanis-Seyfried, Uta (Ed.): After the mad house. Zwiefalten 2012, p. 9-56 .
  18. ↑ Rexer, Martin: Prehistory and start of 'Aktion T4' in Zwiefalten . In: Pretsch, Hermann J. (Ed.): Euthanasia. Sick murders in southwest Germany . Psychiatry and History, Zwiefalten 1996, p. 29 .
  19. ^ Reichelt, Bernd and Müller, Thomas: University Psychiatry, Sanatorium, Wehrmacht Hospital: The Heidelberg psychiatrist Hans W. Gruhle (1880–1958) in the Württemberg institutional psychiatry 1935–1945 . In: Psychiatric Practice 45 . 2018, p. 236-241 .
  20. ↑ Nicklas, Jasmin: Relocated into the unknown. The evacuation of psychiatric institutions in the Franco-German border area at the beginning of the Second World War . Psychiatry and History, Zwiefalten 2019, p. 49-63, 131-150 .
  21. ↑ Müller, Thomas; Reichelt, Bernd: The 'Poitrot Report', 1945: the first public document on Nazi euthanasia. In: History of Psychiatry . 2019, p. 5 .
  22. ↑ Croissant, Daniela and Längle, Gerhard: Psychiatric care between World War II and psychiatry quete. Early reform approaches in Württemberg . In: Psychiatric Practice 42 . 2014, p. 102-104 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 13'53.1 "  N , 9 ° 27'41.8"  E