Jewish community of Sušice

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The first reports about the Jewish population (and community) in Sušice (German Schüttenhofen), Okres Klatovy district in the south-west Bohemian region of Plzeňský kraj , Czech Republic , date from the 16th century. From the 17th century onwards, the number increased, reaching its peak in 1860 with 300 people. They lived like a ghetto, especially on what was then Judenstrasse. After they were deported to concentration camps in 1942, only ten people returned at the end of the war and the community was never renewed.

history

The first written mention of a Jewish resident in Sušice comes from 1562, when two Jews appear by name in the so-called smolná kniha . Only two years later, in 1564, there is also a note about a Jewish brewer in the book of the malting license in Bohemia ( kniha cechu sladovnickeho ). The first report on the numerical strength of the Jews in the city comes from the Berní rula (German tax role) from 1654 to 1655, in which 14 male Jewish residents are mentioned.

Basic information about the Jewish residents such as date of birth and death as well as marriages was not introduced by a regulation until February 1827, which was recorded as Jewish registers from 1839. The number of Jewish people living permanently in the community, the so-called " Familianten ", who came to the land in the course of the raabization , was restricted. For a fee, they were under the protection of the community. After the revolutionary year of 1848 (almost 30 Jewish citizens joined the vigilante group), the strict regulations were relaxed: Jews could participate more in social life, trade more easily, and buy and build houses outside of the ghetto. The first conflicts did not arise until 1866 as a result of anti-Jewish pogroms.

About 90 of the Jews living in Sušice were picked up on November 27, 1942 and brought to Klatovy , then deported with Transport Ce on November 30, 1942 from Klatovy to Theresienstadt and then to Auschwitz-Birkenau . Most were murdered, only ten people returned after the end of the war. The Jewish community was no longer renewed.

Development of the Jewish population

In the 16th century there were only a few Jewish families living in Sušice. In 1618 there were no Jewish residents at all in the community. The Jewish population in Sušice then developed as follows:

1625 1 family
1654/55 14 people
around 1700 10 families
1734 93 people in 15 families
1748 76 people
1791 14 families
1825 124 people in 26 families
around 1860 approx. 300 people approx. 7 percent of the total population
1890 171 people approx. 2 percent of the total population
1930 112 people approx. 1 percent of the total population

Remarks

  1. ↑ Smolná kniha , Latin acta negra maleficorum , in German often known as book of eight, book of blood, book of primitive poems etc., is the historical name for a book of judgments.
  2. ↑ From which specific historical source the statement "a family" for 1625 comes could not be determined.
  3. ↑ According to the source mestosusice.cz / ... these are only male residents without women and children.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kajetán Turek: History of the Jews in Schüttenhofen. In: Hugo Gold: The Jews and Jewish communities of Bohemia in the past and present , Jüdischer Buch- und Kunstverlag, Brünn / Prague 1934, pp. 587-593, online (digitized at the Upper Austria Regional Library) at: digi.landesbibliothek.at/ .. .
  2. ↑ a b c Židovské hřbitovy střední Šumavy - Stručné dějiny židů v Sušici , website of the city of Sušice, online at: mestosusice.cz / ...
  3. ↑ a b c Jiří Fiedler: Židovské památky v Čechách a na Moravě , keyword Sušice , online at: holocaust.cz / ...
  4. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of Jewish communities in the German-speaking area , 3 volumes, Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08035-2 , keyword Schüttenhofen (Böhmen) , online at: jewische-gemeinden.de /. ..
  5. ↑ Židovské památky , website of the city of Sušice, online (archived) at: susice-sumava.cz / ...
  6. ↑ Deportovaní občané města Sušice , directory of Jews deported from Sušice (listed by name), in: Původ.cz, portal for genealogical studies, operated by Jana Sopóci, online at: puvod.cz / ... ; compared with Transport Ce (11/30/1942 Klatovy -> Terezín) , list of the persons deported by Transport Ce on November 30, 1942 from Klatovy to Theresienstadt (total of 619 persons) with details of individual persons (place of residence before deportation, Subsequent transports, place of death), online at: holocaust.cz / ... (German version)
  7. ↑ Ingild Janda-Busl: On the trail of Jewish life along the Bohemian-Bavarian border in the Bohemian Forest , machine manuscript , Bamberg 2003, pp. 30 - 32; quoted according to Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area , 3 volumes, Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08035-2 , keyword Schüttenhofen (Bohemia) , online at: Jewish-gemeinden.de /. ..

See also