Thalmässing Jewish community
A Jewish community in Thalmässing , a market town in the Central Franconian district of Roth , existed as early as the 13th and 14th. Century.
history
In Thalmässing, which belonged to the Margraviate of Ansbach , Jews lived as early as the Middle Ages , who made their living from pawn shops and the grain trade.
The development of the modern Jewish community begins in the 17th century. In 1618 five Jewish families lived in Thalmässing, after the end of the Thirty Years' War only one Jewish family or one Jewish person lived in the village. In 1674 there were eight, in 1689 fourteen and in 1714 21 Jewish families living in Thalmässing. The highest number was reached in 1743 when 227 Jewish residents were counted in the place, including 118 children. The Jewish families lived in 32 houses.
The Jewish community owned a synagogue , a religious and elementary school (see Jewish schoolhouse (Thalmässing) ), a ritual bath and, since 1832, a cemetery . The community belonged to the district rabbinate Schwabach until 1851 and was then assigned to the district rabbinate Sulzbürg .
A Jewish schoolhouse was built in 1840. In addition to the teachers, the Jewish community had temporarily employed a prayer leader in the 19th century who was also active as a slaughterer and a community servant.
In World War I the sergeant Siegfried Rosenfeld came from the Jewish community (born 18 November 1895 in Thalmässing, fell on August 16, 1918).
Community development
| year | Parishioners |
|---|---|
| 1811/12 | 210 people, 20.5% of the population |
| 1835 | 335 people, about a third of the population |
| 1867 | 202 people, 17.0% of the population |
| 1880 | 112 people, 10.1% of the population |
| 1890 | 98 people, 8.4% of the population |
| 1900 | 67 people, 5.9% of the population |
| around 1925 | 42 people, 3.8% of the population |
| 1933 | 33 people, 2.9% of the population |
National Socialist Persecution
The first actions against Jewish residents took place in the summer of 1933. Because of the increasing reprisals and the consequences of the economic boycott, the living conditions for the Jewish families in Thalmässing became increasingly difficult. All Jewish residents left the place by May 1939: 13 were able to emigrate, seven of them to the USA, three each to France and Argentina. Another 20 moved within Germany, six of them to Nuremberg, four to Munich and ten to other places.
The last nine Jewish citizens decided to move out of Thalmässing after the events of the November pogrom in 1938 .
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 31 Jewish citizens born in Thalmässing who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
Personalities
- Joseph Schülein (1854–1938), brewery owner and philanthropist
See also
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online edition ).
- Peter Kuhn : The art monuments of Bavaria. Georgensgmünd Jewish cemetery. New series, Vol. 6. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich / Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-422-06559-8 , pp. 34–36.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Commemorative Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Retrieved January 3, 2017.