JSL

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JSL is a type of transcription for the writing of the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet . JSL was developed by Eleanor Jorden for her book Japanese: The Spoken Language , published in 1987 , and is named after it. Since Eleanor Jorden was doing her doctorate at Yale and later published her book on the JSL system there, the JSL transcription system is also known under the lesser known name as Japanese Yale .

JSL is based on the Kunrei system , but represents some sounds a little differently, e.g. B. elongated vowels with doubled Latin vowels.

JSL was specially developed for teaching Japanese and therefore also shows which syllables are spoken in which pitch in a Japanese word. The system uses the characters ^ ( circumflex ), ´ ( acute ) and `( grave accent ). The acute ´ on a vowel denotes the first more with a high tone, the grave accent `marks the last high-tone more and a circumflex ^ marks the only high-tone more of a word. The pronunciation for 日本 "Japan" would be transcribed in this system as nihôn and that for 二 本 "two bottles" as nîhon . The nasalized velar closure (/ ŋ /) is transcribed ḡ : 東 "East" = hiḡási .

Differences between the different systems

  • The Hepburn system is based on the English pronunciation of the Latin characters and is therefore particularly widespread in English-speaking countries.
  • The Kunrei system is a modified Nippon system ("Nihon system") with some elements of the Hepburn system. It is the official romanization in Japan. It is standardized as ISO-3602.
  • The Nippon system (" Nihon system ") is based on the Japanese kana notation. It is standardized in the strict version of ISO-3602.
  • The JSL system has a pitch labeling system.

The following table lists some Japanese example words and their transcription in different transcription systems:

Examples
German Kanji Kana Hepburn Kunrei Nippon JSL
Latin letters ロ ー マ 字 ロ ー マ じ rōmaji rômazi rōmazi roómàzi
Mount Fuji 富士山 ふ じ さ ん Mount Fuji Huzisan Huzisan Huzisan
Tokio (also: Tokyo) 東京 と う き ょ う Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Toókyoo
tea お 茶 お ち ゃ ocha otya otya otyá
governor 知事 ち じ chiji tizi tizi tîzi
shrink, shrink 縮 む ち ぢ む chijimu tizimu tidimu tizímu


The following table shows the (character by character) assignment between Kana and Hepburn's romanization. The characters that have not been used since 1945 are set in brackets in the following table.

Hepburn
Inscription after Hepburn Hiragana Katakana
a i u e O あ い う え お ア イ ウ エ オ
ka ki ku ke ko か き く け こ カ キ ク ケ コ
sa shi see below se so さ し す せ そ サ シ ス セ ソ
ta chi tsu te to た ち つ て と タ チ ツ テ ト
n / A ni nu no no な に ぬ ね の ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ
Ha Hi fu hey ho は ひ ふ へ ほ ハ ヒ フ ヘ ホ
ma mi must me mo ま み む め も マ ミ ム メ モ
ya yu yo や ゆ よ ヤ ユ ヨ
ra ri ru re ro ら り る れ ろ ラ リ ル レ ロ
wa (w) i (w) e (Where わ (ゐ) (ゑ) を ワ (ヰ) (ヱ) ヲ
n ん ン

The following table lists those kana whose transcription differs in different transcription systems.

Deviations
Kana Hepburn Kunrei Nippon JSL
う う ū û ū uu
お う, お お O O O oo
し shi si si si
し ゃ sha sya sya sya
し ゅ shu syu syu syu
し ょ sho syo syo syo
じ ji zi zi zi
じ ゃ Yes zya zya zya
じ ゅ ju zyu zyu zyu
じ ょ jo zyo zyo zyo
ち chi ti ti ti
つ tsu do do do
ち ゃ cha tya tya tya
ち ゅ chu tyu tyu tyu
ち ょ cho tyo tyo tyo
ぢ ji zi di zi
づ to to you to
ぢ ゃ Yes zya dya zya
ぢ ゅ ju zyu dyu zyu
ぢ ょ jo zyo dyo zyo
ふ fu hu hu hu

See also