Year week
Year-week is a period of time used in the Bible in prophetic-apocylptic books such as Daniel and Apocrypha such as the Book of Jubilees . Analogous to the week, the Hebrew word shavua ( shabua ), which itself only means a period of seven , can be understood as a period of 7 years (see Gen 41 EU ; Lev 25.8 EU ; Num 14.34 EU , Ez 4.5 –6 EU ).
application
The year-week calculation is important in Judeo-Christian messianism insofar as apocalyptically oriented groups, especially in the Book of Daniel, think they can predict the coming of the Messiah and, derived from it, the further progress of history.
The best-known passage is the statement in Dan 9,24-27 EU : Seventy sevens are imposed on your people and on your holy city; then the iniquity will be put to an end, and sin will be done away with, and guilt will be atoned for, and eternal justice will be brought, and vision and prophecy will be fulfilled, and the most holy will be anointed. So now know and watch: from the time the word came that Jerusalem would be rebuilt, until an anointed one, a prince, comes, it is seven weeks; and for sixty-two weeks it will be rebuilt with squares and trenches, though in sorrowful times. And after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one will be cut off and will be no more. And the people of a prince will come and destroy the city and the sanctuary, but then the end will come by a flood, and until the end there will be war and devastation, which has long been decided. But he will make the bond difficult for many for a week. And in the middle of the week he will abolish sacrifice and meal offering. And in the sanctuary there will be an abomination that will wreak havoc until the ruin that has been decided will pour over the desolation. (Luther, 1984)
Based on this passage, Robert Anderson calculated the date of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday , April 6, 32 AD.
Current exegesis treats these apocalyptic interpretations favorably. Many exegetes see a retrospective consideration of history already inserted in the texts, as it were as an insertion afterwards (= Vaticinium ex eventu ). In view of the fact that the book of Daniel already appears in the pre-Christian Septuagint and a scroll of Daniel (4Q116) was found in Qumran in cave 4, which dates from the time of the Hasmoneans from the second and first centuries BC. Is dated, an insertion in retrospect is almost impossible.
See also
Historical literature
- Gottfried Vogel: Computus chronographicus, or biblical description of time in it not only the years from the creation of the world and how long it stood, but also the LXX years of the Babylonian prison, the LXX year-weeks of Danielis, the actual year of birth and the correct year of Christ, for which theology and chronology have been the most disputed since then, are shown and represented in the most abbreviated form from divine holy scriptures; which has been added to Tabula chronologica . Leipzig 1664
- Benjamin Blayney: New attempt on the prophecy Daniel IX, 20-27 or the so-called 70 year weeks… . Hall 1777
- Johann C. Hoffmann (Johann von Hofmann): The seventy years of Jeremias and the seventy years of Daniel. Two exegetical-historical studies . Nuremberg 1836
- Bernhard Gräfe: The 70 weeks of the prophet Daniel Cap. 9, 24-27 demonstrated in their relationship to Jesus Christ . Leipzig 1875
- Carl Heinrich Cornill : Daniel's Seventy Weeks . Koenigsberg 1889
- Bernhard Neteler: Position of the Old Testament calendar in ancient oriental history. Investigation of the periods of the 70 year-weeks . 1893
literature
- Heinz Schumacher : The 70th week of the Kingdom prophecy (Dan. 9.27), 1957
- Hansjörg Rigger : Seventy Sevens the “prophecy of the week” in Dan 9 , Trier 1997
- Christoph Berner : Years, Weeks of Years and Anniversaries, Heptadic Concepts of History in Ancient Judaism , Berlin [u. a.] 2006
Web links
- Chr. Rösel: week of the year. In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (Eds.): The Scientific Biblical Lexicon on the Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgart 2006 ff.