Jakob Friedrich Sprandel

Jakob Friedrich Sprandel (1828–1895), approx. 1870/1880

Jakob Friedrich Sprandel (born January 24, 1828 in Ulm , † January 2, 1895 in Schelklingen ) was a German surgeon and obstetrician.

Schlößle on the wind rafter, approx. 1890/1900

Origin and education

Jakob Friedrich Sprandel came from Ulm. He did his apprenticeship with surgeon Christian Müller. From 1845 he worked as a surgical assistant in St. Gallen, Calw and Söflingen. From the winter semester 1850/51 to the summer semester 1851 he studied at the University of Tübingen with Professor Franz von Breit and attended lectures on theoretical obstetrics, obstetric clinics and obstetric operations. On August 29, 1851, the surgeon Sprandel passed the obstetrics exam in front of Professors Franz von Breit and Wilhelm Rapp. His first job was in Asch.

City doctor and doctor in Schelklingen

When the position of city doctor in Schelklingen became vacant in 1856, he applied for a second class surgeon and was employed from 1857 with an annual salary of 50 guilders. The poor of the city, who were particularly numerous in the 1850s, should be treated free of charge. In the 1850s the so-called first world economic crisis occurred , triggered by the Crimean War. This could also be felt in Schelklingen by the decline in production in the cotton weaving mill. even the population did not grow further due to massive emigration to the USA. The main reason for setting up a private maternity hospital was the need for extra income for Sprandel.

The private maternity hospital was set up in the so-called Schlößle on the Nikolausberg or Windsparren . On the rock, which protrudes from the Hochstrasse far into the Aachtal, there has been a St. Nicholas chapel since the Middle Ages, which belonged to the Urspring Monastery . Originals expanded this chapel into a larger building in 1727 with a living quarters for the hermits, which is said to have served as a recreation area for the nuns. At that time the building was lonely, far outside the city walls, away from the main roads. While the sun was hardly shining in Urspring, the house was freely accessible from all sides.

After the secularization of the monastery, Count Schenk von Castell acquired the house. A match factory was later set up there. Sprandel acquired the building in 1859 and was given the establishment of a private maternity hospital on May 17, 1859 by the government for the Donauskreis in Ulm a. D. approved. The lonely location of the house in the middle of fields on the spur of a mountain ridge, near the forest, was well suited for such an institution, as the women could live there undisturbed and more or less unnoticed. A small park was set up on the mountain spur in the west of the house, which was ideal for promenades.

The number of births:

year	Boys	girl	total
1859	1	1	2
1860	-	-	6th
1861	-	-	8th
1862	-	-	11
1863	8th	8th	16
1864	-	-	13
1865	-	-	13
1866	-	-	15th
1867	-	-	15th
1868	-	-	14th
1869	-	-	9
1870	6th	5	11
1871	-	-	12
1872	-	-	4th
1873	5	3	8th
1874	-	-	6th
1875	-	-	6th
1876	-	-	5
1877	-	-	3
1878	-	-	1
total	81	92	179

There were 6 stillbirths. The number of women who died because there were no twins corresponds to the number of births, i.e. 179. Mathematically there are only 178 births, but Viktor Sprandel, p. 20 comes to 179.

The regional catchment area for women was particularly southern Germany, with a high concentration in Bavaria (80) and Württemberg (76) (i.e. a total of 156 out of 179, only 23 came from elsewhere). But there were also women from Baden, the Rhine Palatinate and Northern Switzerland, from Tyrol, Hesse, Thuringia, Hamburg, Hanover, Copenhagen and Salzburg.

Bavaria had one of the highest illegitimate rates in Germany in the 19th century and it was also impressive in Württemberg. In the better social circles , mesalliances were not tolerated and single mothers were not considered socially acceptable. The women from the better classes could hardly be married off. The social origin of the women was elevated: they came from the artisanal middle class, the educated and property classes and some also from the nobility. The fathers of those who have recently given birth include the following professions. The group of officials, judges and soldiers can include: building inspector, forester, district court doctor, district judge, teacher, senior staff doctor, post office keeper, professor of music, lieutenancy officer and director of studies. Among the craftsmen and other self-employed people appear: merchants, butchers, economists, paper manufacturers, locksmiths, master tailors, mercenaries, weavers and carpenters.

Whereabouts of the children

Of the 179 children born, 107 were given away by their mothers immediately after birth. Foster families were sought for these children in Schelklingen and the surrounding area and finally 53 families were found who took in these 107 children. 27 of these 107 children died in infancy or childhood. The whereabouts of the foster children is not known.

family

Jakob Friedrich Sprandel married Anna Maria geb. Häberle (born in Ulm on July 25, 1829). On September 29, 1886 he was accepted into the Schelklingen citizenship. After the death of her husband in 1895, his widow moved to Ulm a. D. The couple had several children, including a son Karl, senior secretary in Ulm a. D., married to Anna, geb. Rich The son Viktor Sprandel from this marriage (born in Neu-Ulm November 25, 1911) became a doctor and on March 19, 1943 earned the medical doctoral degree from the University of Munich with a thesis on his grandfather's maternity hospital.

literature

• Dolde, Hans (1995), A Piece of Women's and Social History in the 19th Century Using the Example of a Schelklingen Maternity Home. Schwäbische Zeitung Ehingen of March 9, 1995, No. 54/4 (report on the lecture by Prof. Dr. Immo Eberl).
• Immo Eberl (1987), The Family and Civil Status Cases in the Parishes of the City of Schelklingen and Origining Monastery (1602–1621, 1657–) 1692–1875 . Schelklingen: City Archives (entries at the end of the book).
• Martin, Jörg (1999), View of Schelklingen: Photographs from 120 years of city history . Schelklingen: City Archives (drawing by Jakob Friedrich Sprandel by Wendelin Traub).
• Mayer, Christina (1995), Discretion was more than a matter of honor: Lecture on the history of the Schelklingen maternity home Sprandel. Südwestpresse Ehingen from March 7, 1995 (report on the lecture by Prof. Dr. Immo Eberl).
• Rothenbacher, Franz (1988), Citizen List of the City of Schelklingen 1880–1930 . Schelklingen: City Archives (Schelklinger Hefte No. 14), Entry No. 241, p. 26.
• Rothenbacher, Franz (1995), House Book of the City of Schelklingen: House Tables . Schelklingen: City Archives, house no. 131.
• Sprandel, Viktor (1943), report on the former private maternity hospital in Schelklingen from the years 1859–1878 . Inaugural Diss. in medicine. Munich: University printing house of Dr. C. Wolf & Son.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Professorengalerie: _Franz_von_Breit Professorengalerie Uni Tübingen: Franz von Breit  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Professorengalerie Uni Tübingen: Wilhelm Rapp ( Memento of the original from December 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ^ Hans Rosenberg, The Great Depression, 1857-1859 . 2nd edition Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1974.
4. ↑ Rothenbacher, House book Schelklingen, house no. 131.
5. ^ Rothenbacher, Schelklingen Citizens List, No. 241.
6. ↑ See the literature list.