Jaqaru
| Jaqaru | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Peru | |
| speaker | 3,000 | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in |
 Peru (regional)
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
sai (general code for indigenous languages of South America) |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
jqr |
|
Jaqaru / Kawki is a language in Peru that, like Aymara, belongs to the Aru language family . It is spoken in the Tupe and Catahuasi districts in the Yauyos province in the Lima department .
Name and classification
Jaqaru [= jaqi aru] means “human language”, while Kawki means “where?”. In the Jaqaru language, both terms are used equally as a self-designation. Linguists, however, use the two expressions to distinguish two groups of languages:
- Jaqaru is spoken in Tupe and the surrounding villages (Aisa and Colca). It has a maximum of 3,000 speakers, almost all of whom also speak Spanish and many of whom have migrated to Lima .
- Kawki is spoken in the neighboring communities of Cachuy, Canchán, Caipán, and Chavín. There are only a few old speakers left (9 people at the beginning of 2005).
Sociolinguistic situation
According to the 2007 census data, the Jaqaru has 740 speakers. The majority of the residents of Tupe have migrated to Lima, where there are few opportunities to speak Jaqaru and where the language is not passed on to the children. In Yauyos, too, the jaqaru is classified as seriously threatened, as it is still spoken mainly by the elderly. The dialect of Kawki is moribund because it is only spoken by very few, very old people. In the course of the implementation of the Language Act (Ley 29735) after 2011, 7 schools with intercultural bilingual education with Jaqaru as the pupils' first language (including one secondary school) and 2 schools with Kawki as the pupil’s second language were set up (as of 2013). There has been an official alphabet for this since 2010 (RD 0628–2010-ED, Alfabeto consensuado ).
literature
- Martha J. Hardman: Jaqaru. Outline of Phonological and Morphological Structure. Mouton de Gruyter, The Hague u. a. 1966 ( Janua linguarum. Series practica , 22, ISSN 0075-3130 ; English).
- Martha J. Hardman: Jaqaru. Lincom Europa, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-89586-243-6 ( Languages of the world. Materials 138; English).
- Neli Belleza Castro: Vocabulario Jacaru-Castellano Castellano-Jacaru. Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de las Casas, Cusco / Peru 1995, ISBN 84-8387-019-3 (only dictionary).
Web links
- Jaqmashi Association ( Memento of November 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Jaqarus Qillqtʹ Yatxnushstaki - Manual Jaqaru (PDF) Yolanda Nieves Payano Iturrizaga et al., Ministerio de Educación, Lima 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Documento Nacional de Lenguas Originarias del Perú . (PDF) Perú, Ministerio de Educación, Dirección General de Educación Intercultural, Bilingüe y Rural, Lima 2013, pp. 407, 410.