Jatropha oil

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Jatroph oil
Raw jatropha oil
Raw material plant (noun)

Purging shrub / physic nut ( Jatropha curcas ),
Jatropha peltata (Syn .: Jatropha platyphylla )

origin

Seeds

colour

light to golden yellow

ingredients
Oleic acid 30-48%
Linoleic acid 29-46%
Linolenic acid <1%
Palmitic acid 12-18%
Myristic acid <0.7%
More fatty acids 4–8% stearic acid , 0.7–1.4% palmitoleic acid , <0.75% arachidic acid , <2.0% gondo acid , <0.15% behenic acid , <1.5% erucic acid
properties
density 0.915-0.924 at 15 ° C
viscosity = 38-48 mPa · s at 20 ° C
Melting point -5-8 ° C (refined); approx. −2 ° C
Flash point 216-228 ° C
Iodine number 92-117
Saponification number 166-220
Calorific value 38.9-39.5 MJ / kg
Cetane number 38-51
Manufacturing and Consumption
Most important production countries India, Malaysia , Indonesia

Jatropha curcas seeds with peel

Jatropha oil or Curcasöl also Purgiernussöl , healing nut oil , medicinal nut oil or hell oil is a vegetable oil from the seeds of Jatropha curcas ( Jatropha curcas ). It is also known as oleum ricini majoris or oleum infernalis .

A distinction is made between the poisonous Jatropha curcas , which is normally used, and the newly discovered non-poisonous species Jatropha peltata from Mexico . Around 35–45% of the seeds consist of the shell, the kernels contain around 46–58% oil. The press cake with a residual oil content of approx. 4-5% is ground and contains approx. 54-58% high quality protein. The press cake of the poisonous kind can only be used as fertilizer or processed into biogas , because detoxification is not entirely successful.

The triglycerides of bitter jatropha oil are mainly composed of esters with linoleic and oleic acids. The oil contains poisonous phorbol esters and lectins , and the protein curcin , as well as saponins , phytates and trypsin . The fresh oil is odorless and colorless, but quickly turns yellow due to oxidation. A distinction is made between oils with less than 2.5% free fatty acids (FFA) and those with more than 2.5%. Oils with a greatly increased FFA concentration are created when fruits of different ripeness are processed together. The FFA-rich oil must then be treated using appropriate procedures in order to be able to process it into biodiesel .

Jatropha oil is used as lamp oil, for paints, soaps, candles and lubricants. It is also used as a biofuel when esterified with methanol . It can also be used as an insecticide or poison bait. The oil has also been used as a laxative and wormer, as well as an abortion and against skin diseases.

literature

  • Sabine Krist: Lexicon of vegetable fats and oils. 2nd edition, Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-1004-1 , pp. 279-283.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jatropha curcas at PlantFA Database, accessed December 1, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b c d Emil Abderhalden (Ed.): Biochemisches Handlexikon. III. Volume, Springer, 1911, ISBN 978-3-642-88965-3 , p. 79.
  3. ↑ a b c James W. Lee: Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts. Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4614-3347-7 , pp. 527-534.
  4. ↑ Emil Akbar, Zahira Yaakob, Siti Kartom Kamarudin et al .: Characteristic and Composition of Jatropha Curcas Oil Seed from Malaysia and its Potential as Biodiesel Feedstock Feedstock. In: European Journal of Scientific Research. Vol. 29, No. 3, 2009, pp. 396-403, online (PDF, 120 kB), accessed on December 1, 2017.
  5. ↑ a b c Anil Kumar Dubey, RM Sarviya, A. Rehman: Characterization of Processed Jatropha Oil for use as Engine Fuel. In: Curr. World Environ. 6, 2011, pp. 101-107. doi : 10.12944 / CWE.6.1.14 .
  6. ↑ a b c d Ravindra Pogaku, Rosalam Hj. Sarbatly: Advances in Biofuels. Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4614-6248-4 , pp. 191-197.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Halden, Adolf Grün : Analysis of fats and waxes. Second volume, Springer, 1929, ISBN 978-3-642-89318-6 , pp. 106 f.
  8. ↑ Gustav Hefter: Technology of fats and oils. Second volume, Springer, 1908, ISBN 978-3-662-01825-5 , pp. 320–323.
  9. ↑ Joachim Heller: Physic Nut, Jatropha Curcas L. IPGRI, 1996, ISBN 978-92-9043-278-4 , p. 16.
  10. ↑ Rafiqul Islam: Nature Science and Sustainable Technology Research Progress. Nova Science, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60456-310-8 , p. 83.
  11. ↑ Francisco Bueso et al .: Phorbol esters seed content and distribution in Latin American provenances of Jatropha curcas L .: potential for biopesticide, food and feed. In: SpringerPlus. 5, 2016, 445 doi : 10.1186 / s40064-016-2103-y .
  12. ↑ Nicolas Carels, Mulpuri Sujatha, Bir Bahadur: Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop Volume 1, Springer, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4614-4805-1 , p. 344.
  13. ↑ GH Schmelzer, A. Gurb-Fakim: Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. 11 (1): Medicinal Plants 1 , PROTA, 2008, ISBN 978-90-5782-204-9 , pp. 347-352.