Johann Heinrich Hottinger (crystallographer)
Johann Heinrich Hottinger (born April 4, 1680 in Zurich ; † January 3, 1756 there ) was a Swiss doctor and crystallographer .
Life
Hottinger was the son of the Zurich pharmacist, numismatist and doctor Johann Jakob Hottinger (1655-1730). He studied medicine in Basel and received his doctorate there in 1698. In the same year his work on rock crystals ( Krystallologia seu dissertatio de crystallis ) was published. With the book he became the first scientific crystallographer in Switzerland. Among other things, he opposed the view of Augustine of Hippo up to modern times that rock crystal was frozen heavenly water, which he refutes in detail. His teacher Johann Jacob Scheuchzer ( Description of the natural history of the Swiss country,Volume 3, 1708) and a little later the Lucerne doctor (and friend of Scheuchzer) Moritz Anton Kappeler ( Prodomus Crystallographiae 1723). On September 23, 1702 he was elected member ( matriculation no. 252 ) of the Leopoldina with the academic surname Sallustius .
Both Hottinger and Kappeler were the first to use crystal as a scientific term (previously it was mostly used to refer to quartz). Hottinger's book is mainly about rock crystal (quartz), but also treats a few other crystals, in whose regular form he sees starting points for a classification beyond the chemical composition. Inclusions, crystal growth and corrosion are also covered.
On a subsequent trip to London he met the naturalist John Woodward and in 1706 his book on Swiss glaciers Descriptio montium glacialium Helveticorum was published . He was councilor of Zurich from 1740, became Obervogt von Wiedikon in 1743 and a member of the Privy Council in Zurich in 1754.
Fonts
-
Krystallologia seu dissertatio de Crystallis. Zurich 1698. Digitized version of the Bavarian State Library
- Paul Niggli (editor): The Krystallologia of Johann Heinrich Hottinger (1698). Sauerländer, Aarau 1946 (German translation of the Latin original).
- Descriptio montium glacialium Helveticorum. Zurich 1706.
literature
- Andreas Elias Büchner : Academiae Sacri Romani Imperii Leopoldino-Carolinae Natvrae Cvriosorvm Historia. Litteris et impensis Ioannis Iustini Gebaueri, Halae Magdebvrgicae 1755, De Collegis, p. 485 digitized
- Karin Marti-Weissenbach: Hottinger, Johann Heinrich. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the imperial Leopoldino-Carolinische German academy of natural scientists during the second century of its existence. Friedrich Frommann , Jena 1860, p. 203 digitized
- Willi Ule : History of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the years 1852–1887 . With a look back at the earlier times of its existence. Commissioned by Wilhelm Engelmann in Leipzig, Halle 1889, supplements and additions to Neigebaur's history, p. 153 ( archive.org ).
Web links
- Member entry of Johann Heinrich Hottinger at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on December 15, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Max Weibel et al. a .: The minerals of Switzerland: A mineralogical guide. Birkhäuser, 1990, p. 26.
- ^ Philippe Roth: Minerals First Discovered in Switzerland and Minerals Named After Swiss Individuals. Swiss Academy of Sciences, Museum of Geology, Lausanne, 2007, p. 9f
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hottinger, Johann Heinrich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sallustius |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swiss crystallographer and doctor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 4, 1680 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Zurich |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 3, 1756 |
| Place of death | Zurich |