Paul Niggli

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Paul Niggli, photo by Franz Schmelhaus, 1924 (Zurich Central Library)

Paul Niggli (born June 26, 1888 in Zofingen , † January 13, 1953 in Zurich ) was a Swiss geoscientist and crystallographer.

life and work

Niggli went to school in Zofingen (his father was the rector of the district school in Zofingen) and at the Aarau Cantonal School. From 1907 he studied natural sciences at the ETH Zurich , among others with Albert Einstein and Pierre-Ernest Weiss . After graduating in 1911, he was briefly an assistant at the TH Karlsruhe at the physical-chemical institute and his doctorate in 1912 at the University of Zurich , he was a post-doctoral student at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, DC In 1913, he received his habilitation at the ETH Zurich and was private lecturer there and in 1914 private lecturer at the University of Zurich. In 1915 he became associate professor at the University of Leipzig and in 1918 associate professor at the University of Tübingen . From 1920 until his retirement in 1953 he was a full professor of mineralogy and petrography at the ETH Zurich (as the successor to his teacher Johann Ulrich Grubenmann ), of which he was rector from 1928 to 1931. He was also rector of the University of Zurich from 1940 to 1942.

In 1927 he introduced the Niggli values for evaluating igneous rock analyzes.

In crystallography, Niggli made important contributions to the theory of symmetry ( space groups ). He gave birth to the term lattice complex , which reflects the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice and enables crystal structures to be compared (relationship of crystal structures).

From 1921 to 1940 he was editor of the Zeitschrift für Kristallographie .

His son Ernst Niggli was also a geologist.

Honors and memberships

In December 1924 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1932 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . Since 1936 he was a corresponding member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences . He was also an honorary citizen of the TH Karlsruhe.

In 1946 Niggli became a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences and in 1950 of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . He was a member of the Swiss Geotechnical Commission and the Swiss Geological Commission. He was a founding member of the Swiss National Science Foundation and initiated the Paul Niggli Foundation, which from 1988 awards the Paul Niggli Medal in his honor.

The mineral Niggliit is named after him, as is the Dorsum Niggli on the Earth's moon, the Niggli Nunatakker in the East Antarctic Coatsland and the Nigglifirnfeld in the East Antarctic Victoria Land .

See also

Works

  • Geometric crystallography of the discontinuum , Leipzig, Borntraeger 1919
  • Textbook of crystallography , 2nd edition, Gebrüder Borntraeger 1924,
    • 3rd edition as textbook of mineralogy and crystallography , 2 volumes, Gebrüder Borntraeger 1941, 1942 (Part 2: Crystal optics and structure determination)
  • Tables for general and special mineralogy , Gebrüder Borntraeger 1927
  • Chemism of Swiss rocks , Bern 1930
  • Crystallographic and structure-theoretical basic concepts , in Wilhelm Wien a. a. Handbuch der Experimentalphysik, Volume 7.1, Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft 1928
  • with Paul Johannes Beger Rock and Mineral Provinces , Volume 1 (introduction, objectives, chemism of igneous rocks, especially the Lampophyre), Brothers Borntraeger, Berlin 1923
  • Investigations into the weathering of rocks in Switzerland with M. Gschwind , Bern 1931
  • On the symmetry and the building laws of crystals , Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft 1941
  • Rocks and mineral deposits , 2 volumes, Birkhäuser 1948, 1952 (Volume 1 General Doctrine of Rocks and Mineral Deposits , Volume 2 Exogenous Rocks and Mineral Deposits ), with the collaboration of Ernst Niggli
  • with others The Minerals of the Swiss Alps , editor of the Geotechnical Commission of the Swiss Natural Research Society, Basel, 2 volumes, Wepf 1940
  • Rocks and mineral deposits , San Francisco, Freeman 1954
  • The magma and its products. With special consideration of the influence of volatile constituents , Volume 1 (Physico-Chemical Basics), Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft 1937
  • Ore deposits of magmatic origin; their genesis and natural classification , Van Nostrand 1929
  • with Ulrich Grubenmann Die Gesteinsmetamorphose , Gebrüder Borntraeger 1924
  • Problems of the natural sciences: explained using the concept of mineral species , Birkhäuser 1949
  • Basics of stereochemistry , Birkhäuser 1945
  • Training and knowledge of nature , Erlenbach, Rentsch 1945

literature

  • Conrad Burri Petrochemical calculation methods on an equivalent basis (Paul Niggli method) , Birkhäuser 1959
  • Johann Jakob Burckhardt Symmetry of Crystals , Birkhäuser, 1988, Chapter 12, p. 104f (with photo)
  • Eugen Widmer: Paul Niggli In: Argovia, annual journal of the Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau. Vol. 65, 1953, pp. 469-472

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Paul Niggli. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed October 10, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 24.
  3. ↑ Member entry of Paul Niggli at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on July 12, 2016.
  4. ^ Members of the SAW: Paul Niggli. Saxon Academy of Sciences, accessed on November 18, 2016 .
  5. ↑ http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/digital/3/1082.pdf
  6. ^ List of members since 1666: letter N. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 27, 2020 (French).
  7. ↑ MinDat
personal data
SURNAME Niggli, Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss geoscientist and crystallographer
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Zofingen
DATE OF DEATH January 13, 1953
Place of death Zurich