Johannes Kramer (physicist)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Johannes Heinrich Kramer (* 1905 in Neuenkirchen ; † June 8, 1975 in Braunschweig ) was a German physicist specializing in experimental physics as well as a director and professor a. D. at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig.

Life

Kramer studied at the universities in Bonn , Münster and Kiel. In 1933 he was at the University of Kiel with a working non-conductive metal over modifications to the Dr. phil. (Doctor of Science) PhD . He then worked for two years as Professor Zahn's assistant in Kiel, and together with him he moved to Ankara , Turkey . There he worked with thin layers of metal. In 1939 he returned to Germany and took a position at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR) in Berlin. Kramer worked in Eduard Justi's working group in the cold laboratory on the anisotropy of the magnetoresistance change of single metal crystals at low temperatures. In the same year, Kramer researched for the first time the emission of low-energy electrons from solids after exposure to chemical surface reactions, mechanical stress or high-energy radiation and recognized this as a uniform appearance. He is regarded as the founder of research into exoelectron emission, which was named after him "Kramer effect" at a conference in Innsbruck in 1956.

Fonts

  • About non-conductive metal modifications. (= Dissertation University of Kiel 1933) in: Annals of Physics. Volume 19, Issue 1. JA Barth, Leipzig 1934, doi: 10.1002 / andp.19344110104 .
  • The metallic state. (with a foreword by Wilhelm Kösters ) Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1950, DNB 452561116 .
  • Comparison between luminescence and exoelectron emission. in: The natural sciences. 1954, ISSN  0028-1042 , pp. 160-161.
  • J. Kramer: Investigations of chemical reactions on solid surfaces with exoelectrons after X-ray irradiation. In: Journal of Physical Chemistry. Volume 25, No. 5/6. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig 1960. ISSN  0044-3336 , pp. 289-309, doi : 10.1524 / zpch.1960.25.5_6.289 .

literature

  • Georg Holzapfel: On the exoelectron emission (Kramer effect) of beryllium oxide. Bönecke, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 1968, OCLC 631456661 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Place of birth and middle name according to DNB 189454768 , place of death according to obituary not certain
  2. ↑ 1939 - Exoelectron emission and the Kramer effect (PDF; 4.9 MB) In: PTB-Mitteilungen. 2012, issue 2, p. 32, accessed on February 11, 2016.
  3. ↑ A. Scharmann, G. Landwehr: Obituary for Johannes Kramer . In: Physics Journal . tape 32 , no. 1 , 1976, ISSN  1521-3722 , pp. 32-33 , doi : 10.1002 / phbl.19760320106 .
personal data
SURNAME Kramer, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kramer, Johannes Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuenkirchen (Oldenburg)
DATE OF DEATH June 8th 1975
Place of death Braunschweig