Johannes Pieter Kleiweg de Zwaan

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Johannes Pieter Kleiweg de Zwaan (born July 4, 1875 in The Hague ; died September 8, 1971 in Blaricum ) was a Dutch doctor and anthropologist and is considered an important ethnologist. He was the first professor of anthropology in the Netherlands.

Johannes Pieter Kleiweg de Zwaan
Plaster casts made by JP Kleiweg de Zwaan of the faces of residents of the island of Nias (around 1910).

Live and act

Kleiweg de Zwaan was born on July 4th, 1875 in The Hague. He studied medicine in Leiden , then in Amsterdam and for some time in Berlin and Paris . After studying medicine, he worked for a short time as a ship's doctor and then as an assistant doctor for internal medicine at the University of Amsterdam . He took part in the expedition of the ethnologist and explorer Alfred Maass (1863-1946) and then worked on his work through Central Sumatra . In the first decades of the 20th century, Kleiweg de Zwaan was regarded beyond the Netherlands as one of the most respected experts in the field of anthropology. With his three-volume monograph The Island of Nias near Sumatra , a fundamental work on anthropology, he had earned his reputation. Kleiweg de Zwaan played a central role in the administration of his subject. He was secretary and later president of the Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap (KNAG, Royal Dutch Geographical Society), co-founder and long-time president of the Nederlandsch Nationaal Bureau voor Anthropologie (Dutch National Office for Anthropology) and one of the founders and editors of the magazine Mensch en Maatschappij ( People & Society). He organized and directed the 3rd International Congress of Anthropologists in Amsterdam in 1927, which took place mainly in the Colonial Institute , in the Anatomy and in the Tropical Hygiene Institute. His student Hendrik Bijlmer (1890-1959) was a private lecturer in anthropology and genetics at the University of Amsterdam. Kleiweg de Zwaan died on September 8, 1971 in Blaricum.

Kleiweg de Zwaan's anthropological work, like that of many of his contemporary professional colleagues in anthropometry , craniometry and racial theory, is today largely only of scientific historical interest.

Publications (selection)

  • Bijdrage tot de anthropologie of the Menangkabau painters . Amsterdam (Diss. University of Amsterdam), 1908.
  • De geneskunde of the Menangkabau painters. Ethnological study. Amst., 1910
  • The medicine of the Niasser. Haag: Martinus Nijhoff , 1913 digitized
  • The island of Nias near Sumatra. Haag: M. Nijhoff, 1913, 1914, 1915, 3 volumes, Vol. I: Die Heilkunde der Niasser , Vol. II: Anthropological studies on the Niasser , Vol. III: Craniological studies of Niassian skulls , with appendix: Zoological results .
  • Ethnological and historical information about the medicine of the Chinese and Japanese with a special focus on Dutch influences. Haarlem, 1917. (Natuurk. Verh. VdHoll. Mij. Der Wetensch. Te Haarlem. 3e Verz., 7)
  • "De verhouding tot de aangetrouwde familie in the Indian archipelago, in: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 74, 1918, pp. 519-561.
  • Tanimbarschedels. Met 10 pl. Amsterdam 1917 (in: Volkenkundige Opstellen I; Koloniaal Inst., Med.IX / 3, 1917, pp.1-90.)
  • Anthropological bibliography van den Indischen archipel en van Nederlandsch West-Indië (Mededeelingen Encyclopaedisch Bureau, Afl. XXX). Batavia-Weltevreden, 1923.
  • De rassen van the Indian archipelago . Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1925.
  • The inhabitants of the island of Nias near Sumatra. Munich: JF Lehmanns Verl. 1926. Archive for race pictures, part: 13 = archive card 121-130 (cf. Eickstedt, EV )
  • Palaeolitic art in Europe , 2 dl. Amsterdam: Paris, 1929-1930.
  • Lower jaw from Dutch New Guinea (Negotiations of the KNAW, Afdeeling Natuurkunde (tweede sectie), deel XXIX, No. 4). Amsterdam, Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers-Maatschappij, 1932
  • The ratio of the facial skull to the brain damage as well as the location and dimensions of the temporal bone in Papuan and Dutch skulls. Amsterdam [, NZ Voorburgwal 68-70]: NV Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1935
  • Contribution: Stemmen van Nederlanders over de behandeling the Joden in Duitschland, ed. A. Asscher & D. Cohen , Amsterdam: Joachimsthal, Comité voor Joodsche bijzondere sue 1935.
  • Measurements on male and female Dutch mandibles. - Amsterdam [NZ Voorburgwal 68-70]: NV Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1936
  • De dwergvolken (anthropologically complained) . The Hague: Servire, 1942.
  • Anthropological studies in Bali and Lombok . Amsterdam, 1942. (Mededeelingen der Afdeeling Volkenkunde van het Koloniaal Instituut. Extra Series N ° 4. / Supplement to Volume XL of the 'International Archive for Ethnography')
  • Doelstelling en ontwikkeling of anthropology . The Hague: Servire, 1943.
  • De oudste mensheid van de Indian archipelago . The Hague: Servire, 1943.
  • "The Papuans of Dutch New Guinea, a Physico-Anthropological Survey", in: Antiquity and Survival , No.5, 1956, pp. 321-342.
  • De oudste mensheid in Europa en Indonesië (anthropologically complained) . The Hague: Servire, 1956.
  • Gids in het Volkenkundig Museum VI: Prehistory en anthropologie. no year (Koninklijke Vereeniging Koloniaal Instituut)

See also

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ In the field of physical or biological anthropology .
  2. ↑ de Rooij, L. (2009): "Lodewijk Bolk en de bloei van de Nederlandse anatomie, 1860-1940" (online at pure.uva.nl ); P. 237.
  3. ↑ Berlin: W. Süsserott, 1910-12, 2 vols.
  4. ↑ Otto Schlaginhaufen : "Mitteilungen", Anthropologischer Anzeiger , Volume 5, No. 1 (1928), pp. 78 Partial online view , German Society for Race Research .
  5. ↑ With contributions by HA van Bakel, WA Bonger, Titus Brandsma, O. Carm., H. Brugmans, R. Casimir, PS Gerbrandy, CU Ariëns Kappers, GW Kernkamp, ​​JP Kleiweg de Zwaan, R. Kranenburg, H. Th. Obbink, HA Poels, FG Scheltema, C. Snouck Hurgronje and CW de Vries.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johannes Pieter Kleiweg de Zwaan  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Kleiweg de Zwaan, Johannes Pieter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch doctor, anthropologist and ethnologist
DATE OF BIRTH 4th July 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH The hague
DATE OF DEATH September 8, 1971
Place of death Blaricum