John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon

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John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon (also John the Scot or John of Scotland, Earl of Chester ) (* 1206 , † June 1237 in Darnhall , Cheshire ) was an Anglo-Scottish magnate .

Origin and marriage

John of Scotland came from a sideline of the Scottish royal family Dunkeld . He was the third son of David of Huntingdon and his wife Maud of Chester . After the death of his older brothers Henry and David, who died in childhood, he became the heir to his father, who died in 1219. He inherited the Honor of Huntingdon in England and Garioch in Scotland. At that time he was still a minor, so his uncle Ranulf de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester, became his guardian. Since Earl David had supported the rebels against the king during the First Barons' War , several of his estates had been occupied by the king's supporters. William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , for example, occupied Fotheringhay Castle , which had previously been the headquarters of Earl David. The Earl of Chester regarded the Justiciar Hubert de Burgh as his rival, who after 1220 allied closely with Pembroke. In return, Chester allied himself with the Welsh prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth , a hereditary enemy of Pembroke. To consolidate this alliance, Chester married his nephew and potential heir John in 1222 to Helen , daughter of Llywelyn from Iorwerth and his wife Johanna of Wales .

Activity as a magnate

On reaching the age of majority, John was handed over his father's inheritance, especially the Honor of Huntingdon, on April 25, 1227, and he was allowed to use the title Earl of Huntingdon . On May 30, 1227 his cousin, the Scottish King Alexander II knighted him. After the death of his uncle Ranulph, who died in 1232 without male heirs, he inherited parts of his property and the title of Earl of Chester . Together with Richard of Cornwall and numerous other barons, he took a crusade vows in Westminster in 1236 . However, he died childless in 1237, allegedly he was poisoned by his wife. He was buried in the chapter house of St Werburgh Abbey in Chester.

heritage

After John's death, his titles lapsed, while his extensive holdings in Scotland and England were divided among his sisters and their descendants. At the instigation of the English crown, the properties in Chester were exchanged for lands in eastern England. John's widow Helen married the English baron Robert de Quincy before December 1237 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 148
  2. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 260
  3. ↑ Kenneth M. Setton et al. a .: A history of the Crusades . University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 2005. ISBN 0-299-04844-6 , p. 484
  4. ↑ Keith Stringer: David, earl of Huntingdon and lord of Garioch (1152-1219). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  5. ^ Geoffrey Stell: The Balliol Family and the Great Cause of 1291-2 . In: KJ Stringer (Ed.): Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland , John Donald Publishers, Edinburgh 1985, ISBN 0-85976-113-4 , p. 156.
personal data
SURNAME John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon; John the Scot; John of Scotland, Earl of Chester
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Anglo-Scottish magnate
DATE OF BIRTH 1206
DATE OF DEATH June 1237
Place of death Darnhall , Cheshire