House Dunkeld

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The House of Dunkeld was a dynasty of Scottish kings who ruled Scotland from 1058 to 1290 .

The Dunkeld came to power after a two-century period of unrest that was common during the reign of the House of Alpin . The first king of the new dynasty was Malcolm III. Canmore . This decided that the eldest son would take over the throne and put the Tanistry system out of force. This decision reduced the number of conflicts within the royal family. Despite several armed conflicts with England , the Dunkeld Kings were able to consolidate the unity and independence of Scotland.

The fall of the House of Dunkeld began in 1286 after Alexander III. died in a riding accident. The king had no sons, only a three-year-old granddaughter, the Norwegian princess Margarete . The Scottish nobles feared the influence of their father Erik II of Norway and another civil war; For this reason, they said, the English king I. Edward before. Margaret was promised to the future King Edward II . However, she died shortly afterwards during the crossing to Scotland. After the end of the House of Dunkeld there were 13 aspirants to the Scottish throne , and a little later the First Scottish War of Independence broke out against England.

Kings of the House of Dunkeld

Surname Domination
Malcolm III Canmore 1058 to 1093
Donald III and Edmund 1093 to 1094 and
1094 to 1097
Duncan II 1094
Edgar 1097 to 1107
Alexander I. 1107 to 1124
David I. 1124 to 1153
Malcolm IV 1153 to 1165
Wilhelm I the lion 1165 to 1214
Alexander II 1214 to 1249
Alexander III 1249 to 1286
Margarete 1286 to 1290

Tribe list

By the end of the 11th century

  1. Duncan, Abthane of Dule, Lay Abbot of Dunkeld , Governor and Earl of Strathclyde
    1. Duncan, Lord or Mormaer of Atholl , Abthane of Dule
      1. Crínán , X 1045, Mormaer of Atholl, Abthane of Dule, lay abbot of Dunkeld; ⚭ Bethóc, daughter of Malcolm II , King of Scotland
        1. Duncan I. the Gracious, * probably 1001, X 14 August 1040, 1018/34 King of Strathclyde , 1034 King of the Scots; ⚭ NN
          1. Malcolm III Canmore, * 1031, X November 13, 1093 at the Battle of Alnwick , 1058 King of Scots; ⚭ (1) around 1059 Ingeborg von Halland, widow of Thorfinn II., Earl of Caithness , daughter of Jarl Finn Arnesson and Berglioth of Norway; ⚭ (2) 1069/70 Margaret of England , * probably 1045, † November 16, 1093, daughter of Eduard Ætheling - descendants see below
          2. Donald III Bane, King of the Scots in 1093/94 and 1094/97, deposed in 1094 and 1097
            1. Bethoc; ⚭ Uhtred of Tynedale
          3. Melmare
            1. Madach (Maddad), † probably 1152, around 1116 Earl of Atholl ; ⚭ (1) NN; ⚭ (2) Margaret, daughter of Hákon Pállsson, Jarl of Orkney , and Helga of Dair
              1. (1) Malcolm, † probably 1198, 2nd Earl of Atholl; ⚭ Hextilda, daughter of Uhtred of Tynedale
                1. Henry, † 1211, 3rd Earl of Atholl
                  1. Isabella, Countess of Atholl; ⚭ Thomas of Galloway
                    1. Padraig , † 1242, 5th Earl of Atholl
                  2. Forbhlaith, Countess of Atholl; ⚭ Sir David de Hastings, Earl of Atholl iure uxoris
                    1. Ada, † before December 25, 1266, Countess of Atholl; ⚭ John de Strathbogie
                      1. David de Strathbogie , † August 6, 1270 in Carthage , 8th Earl of Atholl - descendants
              2. (2) Harald Maddadson, * 1130, † 1206, Jarl of Orkney, Earl of Caithness; ⚭ (1) Aufrica, sister of Duncan, Earl of Fife ; ⚭ (2) Hvafleda, daughter of Malcolm II, Mormaer of Moray (see below)
                1. (1) Heinrek, † perhaps beheaded June 1215, perhaps 1206 Earl of Ross
                2. (1) Hakon, † perhaps killed outside Dublin in 1170 , pirate together with his foster father Sweyn Asleifsson
                3. (1) Helen and Margaret
                4. (2) Thorfinn, † 1202 Roxburgh Castle , possibly Earl of Moray,
                5. (2) David, † 1214, after 1210 Jarl of Orkney
                6. (2) John, † murdered Thurso 1231, after 1210 Jarl of Orkney
                  1. Harald, † drowned as a hostage in Bergen (Norway) in 1226
                  2. ? Joan; ⚭ Freskin of Moray, Lord of Duffus
                7. (2) Gunnhild, Herborga and Langlif
                8. ? (illegitimate) Roderick, X 1197
        2. Maldred, Lord of Allerdale, 1034/35 Regent of Strathclyde ; ⚭ Ealdgyth, daughter of Uhtred , Earl of Northumbria , and Ælfgifu of England
          1. Gospatric , † probably 1075, Earl of Northumberland, Earl of Dunbar
            1. Dolfin of Carlisle
            2. Gospatric, 2nd Earl of Dunbar, X 1138 in the Standard Battle ; ⚭ NN
            3. Waltheof, Lord of Allerdale , 1125/38 Abbot of Croyland
            4. Ethelreda (Uchtreda); ⚭ around 1090 Duncan II , King of Scotland, † murdered November 18, 1094
          2. Maldred - descendants see house Neville

From Malcolm III. until David I.

  1. Malcolm III Canmore, * 1031, X November 13, 1093 at the Battle of Alnwick , 1058 King of Scots; ⚭ (1) around 1059 Ingeborg von Halland, widow of Thorfinn II., Earl of Caithness , daughter of Jarl Finn Arnesson and Berglioth of Norway; ⚭ (2) 1069/70 Margaret of England , * probably 1045, † November 16, 1093, daughter of Eduard Ætheling - ancestors see above
    1. (1) Duncan II. , * Probably 1060, † murdered November 2, 1094, 1094 King of the Scots; ⚭ around 1090, Ethelreda (Uchtreda), daughter of Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria
      1. William (Uilleam mac Donnchada), † 1153/54, Earl of Moray , Lord of Skipton ; ⚭ (1) Gruaidh, daughter of Óengus (Aedh), Mormaer of Moray , and NN, daughter of King Lulach ; ⚭ (2) 1138 Alice de Romeli, daughter of Robert de Romeli, Lord of Skipton
        1. (1) Donald MacWilliam, X July 31, 1187 at the Battle of Mamgarvey Moor, Speyside
          1. Godfrey MacWilliam, † beheaded 1211 or 1213 in Kincardine
          2. Donald MacWilliam, X June 15, 1215 in Morayshire
          3. Daughter ⚭ NN MacEwen
            1. Gillespie MacEwen, X 1229
              1. 2 sons, X 1229
              2. Daughter , † Forfar murdered probably 1229/30
        2. (1) Gospatrick MacWilliam, † before 1208, Lord of Airton -in-Craven, Yorkshire - offspring
        3. (2) William, the Boy of Egremont , † drowned after 1155 in the River Wharfe near Bolton Abbey
        4. (2) Cecily, † before 1190, Lady of Skipton; ⚭ Guillaume le Gros , Comte d'Aumale , † August 20, 1179 ( Blois House )
          1. Hawise , † March 11, 1214; ⚭ (1) January 14, 1180 William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex , † November 14, 1189; ⚭ (2) after July 2, 1190 Guillaume de Forz , † 1195; ⚭ (3) Baudouin de Béthune , Lord of Chocques , † October 13, 1211
        5. Amabel, † before 1201, Lady of Egremont and Copeland; ⚭ before 1162 Reginald de Lucy, † 1199/1200, 1174 Keeper of Nottingham Castle , a relative of Richard de Lucy , Justiciar of England
        6. Alice, * before 1153/54, † 1212/18. March 1215, Lady of Allerdale and Cockermouth ; ⚭ (1) Gilbert Pipard, † September 1191 / September 1192, Sheriff of Gloucester and Hereford ; ⚭ (2) before December 8, 1195 Robert de Courtenay, † before 1210, Lord of Sutton ( House of Courtenay )
    2. (1) Malcolm, 1094 attested
    3. (1) Donald, † 1085
    4. (2) Edward, † November 16, 1093 after the Battle of Alnwick
    5. (2) Edmund, spiritual
    6. (2) Edgar , * probably 1074, † January 8, 1107, 1097 King of the Scots
    7. (2) Alexander I , * probably 1077, † April 23, 1124, 1107 King of the Scots; ⚭ Sibyl † 12./13. July 1122, illegitimate daughter of Henry I , King of England
      1. (illegitimate) Malcolm , * around 1105/15, perhaps identical to Malcolm MacHeth, † October 23, 1168 ⚭ NN of Argyll
        1. Donald, * before 1134, † after 1156
        2. Hvorflaed (Hvafleda, Gormflaeth, Gormlath), * before 1134; ⚭ Harald Maddadsson, * 1134, † 1206, Jarl of Orkney, son of Maddad (of Scotland), Earl of Atholl, and Margaret of Orkney (see above)
    8. (2) Ethelred, † before 1097, lay abbot of Dunkeld
    9. (2) David I , * probably 1080, † May 24, 1153, Earl of Northampton iure uxoris, 1124 King of the Scots; ⚭ 1113/14 Maud of Huntingdon , † 1130/31, daughter of Waltheof II, Earl of Northumbria , and Judith von Lens - descendants see below
    10. (2) Editha (Matilda), * 1079, † June 1, 1118; ⚭ November 11, 1100 Henry I Beauclerk , 1100 King of England, Duke of Normandy, † December 1, 1135
    11. (2) Marie , † May 31, 1116, ⚭ 1102 Eustach III. , Count of Boulogne

From David I to Margarete

  1. David I , * probably 1080, † May 24, 1153, Earl of Northampton iure uxoris, 1124 King of the Scots; ⚭ 1113/14 Maud of Huntingdon , † 1130/31, daughter of Waltheof II, Earl of Northumbria , and Judith von Lens - ancestors see above
    1. Malcolm, † small
    2. Henry , * probably 1115, † June 12, 1152, Earl of Huntingdon and Earl of Northumbria ; ⚭ 1139 Ada de Warenne , † 1178, daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey , and Isabelle de Vermandois
      1. Malcolm IV. The Maiden, born March 20, 1142, † December 9, 1165, 1153 King of the Scots
      2. William the Lion, b. 1143; † December 4, 1214, Earl of Northumbria, 1165 King of the Scots; ⚭ September 5, 1185/86 Ermengarde de Beaumont , † February 11, 1233, daughter of Richard I, Vicomte de Beaumont-sur-Sarthe , and Constance Bastard of England
        1. Alexander II , * August 24, 1198, † July 8, 1249, 1214 King of the Scots; ⚭ (1) July 19, 1221 Joan of England , * July 22, 1210, † March 4, 1238, daughter of Johann Ohneland , King of England, and Isabella of Angoulême ; ⚭ (2) May 15, 1239 Marie de Coucy , daughter of Enguerrand III. de Coucy ( House of Boves ), she married Jean de Brienne d'Acre for the second time
          1. (2) Alexander III. , * September 4, 1241, † March 19, 1286, 1249 King of Scots; ⚭ (1) Margaret of England , * October 5, 1240, † February 26, 1275, daughter of King Henry III. ; ⚭ October 14, 1285 Yolande de Dreux , * probably 1269, † August 2, 1322, daughter of Robert IV. Count von Dreux ( House of France-Dreux ), she married Arthur II , Duke of Brittany , † 1312
            1. (1) Margarete , * February 28, 1261; † April 9, 1283; ⚭ August 31, 1281 Erik II. Magnusson , King of Norway , † July 15, 1299
              1. Margaret , * probably April 9, 1283, † around September 26, 1290, 1286 Queen of Scotland
            2. (1) Alexander , born June 21, 1264; † January 28, 1283; ⚭ November 15, 1282 Margaret of Flanders, † 1331, daughter of Guy de Dampierre , Count of Flanders , she was married for the second time on July 3, 1286 Rainald I , 1271 Count of Geldern , † October 9, 1326
            3. (1) David, born March 20, 1272; † June 1281
        2. Margarete , † 1259; ⚭ Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent , † May 1, 1243
        3. Isabella , † after 1253; ⚭ May 1225 Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk , † 3rd / 4th. July 1270
        4. Marjorie , † November 17, 1244; ⚭ August 1, 1235 Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke , † June 27, 1241 ( House Marshal )
      3. David , probably 1144; † June 17, 1219, 1185 Earl of Huntingdon; ⚭ August 26, 1190 Maud of Chester , † January 6, 1233, daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester , and Bertrade de Montfort
        1. Robert, † small
        2. Henry, † small
        3. John , † June 6, 1237, 1232 Earl of Chester , Earl of Huntingdon ; ⚭ 1222 Helen ferch Llywelyn , daughter of Lord Llywelyn ap Iorwerth the Great
        4. Margaret of Huntingdon, † about January 6, 1233; ⚭ 1209 Alan, Lord of Galloway , † 1234
          1. Helen of Galloway, † after November 23, 1245, ⚭ before 1234 Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester , † April 25, 1264
          2. Christiana of Galloway, † shortly before July 29, 1246; ⚭ before April 1236 William de Forz, Count of Aumale , † May 23, 1260
          3. Devorguilla of Galloway , † January 26, 1290; ⚭ around 1233 John de Balliol , † 1269 - Descendants: the kings of Scotland from the Balliol family
        5. Isabella, † 1251; ⚭ Robert de Brus, 4th Lord of Annandale , † 1245 - Descendants: the kings of Scotland from the Bruce family
        6. Matilda
        7. Ada; ⚭ Henry Hastings , Lord of Ashill, † 1250
      4. Ada, January 11 after 1205, ⚭ 1162, Floris III. , Count of Holland , † Tire August 1, 1190 ( Gerulfinger )
      5. Margaret, † 1201); ⚭ (1) 1160 Conan IV , Duke of Brittany , † February 20, 1171 ( House of Rennes ); ⚭ (2) Humphrey III. de Bohun , Constable of England, † 1181 ( House Bohun )
      6. Matilda, † 1152
    3. Clairicia
    4. Hodierna

See also: Aspirants to the Scottish throne regarding the succession after the extinction of the House of Dunkeld

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Earls of Orkney 1140-1231, House of Duncan (Kings of Scotland) ( online )
  2. ^ Cawley
  3. ↑ Schwennicke
  4. ↑ see also Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Earls of Ross (Malcolm MacEth) ( online )