Hawise, Countess of Aumale
Hawise, Countess of Aumale (also Havoise or Hadwisa de Aumale ; † between 1213 and March 8, 1214) was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman from the House of Blois .
Origin and heritage
Hawise was a daughter and heiress of Count William le Gros of Aumale and Cecily de Rumily, daughter and heiress of William FitzDuncan , Earl of Moray , and Alice de Rumily. Her father was the Earl of Aumale , a county in northeast Normandy , and Lord of Holderness in Yorkshire with ten Knight's fees alone , and he owned Castle Bytham in Lincolnshire and other estates in other parts of England. Hawise had an illegitimate brother, Geoffrey, and possibly a sister named Amice, but inherited his possessions after her father's death in 1179. From her mother, who died between 1188 and 1190, she inherited Skipton and Copeland in Cumberland .
In 1196 Aumale was conquered by the French King Philip II , the property was finally lost through the French conquest of the whole of Normandy during the Franco-English War in 1204. Hawise and her husband mainly lived in England, but continued to claim the title Count of Aumale .
Marriages
When her father died, she was still a minor and therefore became a royal ward. On January 14, 1180, she was married in Pleshey Castle to William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex , who then also bore the title of Earl of Aumale. Her husband died on November 14, 1189, the marriage had remained childless. After the death of her husband, King Richard the Lionheart wanted to marry her to his favorite Guillaume de Forz , an adventurer from Fors in Poitou . Hawise resisted the marriage, whereupon the king confiscated her property until she consented to the marriage. Before the end of September 1190, Hawise traveled with Queen Eleanor on the royal galley to Normandy, possibly even to Sicily. Before the end of 1190 she married Forz, who then took part in the king's crusade and died in 1195. After his death, she was married in Sées in 1195 in third marriage to Baudouin de Béthune , a knight of the royal household from Flanders. Béthune died in the autumn of 1212 and was buried in Meaux Abbey , donated by Hawise's father .
After the death of her third husband, Hawise was ready to pay 5,000 marks to King Johann Ohneland in order to preserve her inheritance and widow's property and to avoid being forced to another marriage. However, she did not pay this sum in full until her death. Perhaps she had been a lover of King John for a while.
progeny
From her marriage to Guillaume de Forz she had a son:
- William de Forz (between 1191 and 1196–1241)
From her marriage to Baudouin de Béthune she had a daughter:
- Alice de Bethune († around 1216) ⚭ 1214 with William Marshal II († 1231)
Her son William became her heir.
literature
- Barbara English: Hawisa, suo jure countess of Aumale, and countess of Essex (d. 1213/14). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
Individual evidence
- ^ John T. Appleby: Johann "Ohneland". King of England . Riederer, Stuttgart 1965, p. 241
- ↑ Wilfred L. Warren: King John . University of California Press, Berkeley 1978, ISBN 0-520-03494-5 , p. 189
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hawise, Countess of Aumale |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Havoise; Hadwisa; Hawise d'Aumale; Hawise de Aumale |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Anglo-Norman nobles |
| DATE OF BIRTH | before 1179 |
| DATE OF DEATH | between 1213 and March 8, 1214 |