Earl of Dunbar

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Earl of Dunbar was a hereditary British title of nobility awarded twice in the Peerage of Scotland .

The name of the Earldom refers to the city or castle Dunbar in East Lothian .

Awards

First award

The title was de facto first written around 1072 for Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria . This was the Anglo-Saxon Earl of Northumbria , was expelled from Northumbria under William the Conqueror ( The Harrying of the North ), fled to Scotland, was there in 1072 by his cousin King Malcolm III. elevated to Great Steward and associated with Dunbar Castle and extensive estates in Lothian and the Scottish Marches . After he had won decisive victories against marauding bandits in East Lothian and the Marches soon afterwards, the king raised him to Earl of the March . His son Gospatric was sealed as Earl of Lothian and fell in 1138 when he led Lothian's contingent into the standard battle against the English. He and his son Gospatric , mostly simply Earl ( Latin Comes ), are documented. From his son Waltheof the name Earl of Dunbar after his ancestral castle prevailed. From Patrick Dunbar, 7th Earl of Dunbar , the alternative name Earl of March became common, which stems from the fact that the Earl controlled the border area ( Mark ) on the Scottish-English border (Scottish Marches). The title should not be confused with the title Earl of March, which was created several times on the Scottish and English side, or the Scottish title Earl of Lothian .

George Dunbar, 9th Earl of Dunbar defected temporarily to the English in 1400 and was revoked his earl title, but was pardoned by King James I in 1409 and the title restored. The pardon was declared invalid on January 10, 1435 by parliamentary order , his now incumbent son and successor, George Dunbar, 10th Earl of Dunbar . the title was finally revoked and his lands confiscated in favor of the crown.

Second award

On July 3, 1605, the title Earl of Dunbar was recreated for the Chancellor of the Exchequer George Home, 1st Baron Hume of Berwick . As early as July 7, 1604, he was raised to Baron Hume of Berwick in the Peerage of England . The earldom was awarded to him with the addition that, in the absence of direct male descendants, it could also be passed on to other "male heirs" ( heirs male whatsoever ). When the earl died on January 20, 1611, he had two daughters but no sons. His titles have been suspended since then. His brother John Home and his descendants subsequently claimed the earl title several times, but so far none of them has succeeded in obtaining legally effective official recognition of the title at the House of Lords.

List of the Earls of Dunbar

Earls of Dunbar, first bestowed (around 1072)

Earls of Dunbar, second bestowal (1605)

See also

literature

  • James Miller: The History of Dunbar, from the Earliest Records to the Present Period. With a Description of the Ancient Castles and Picturesque Scenery On the Borders of East Lothian. William Miller, Dunbar 1830. Online edition (PDF; 12.0 MB)
  • William Playfair: British family antiquity illustrative of the origin and progress of the rank, honors, and personal merit, of the nobility of the United Kingdom. Accompanied with an elegant set of chronological charts. Volume 8, containing the baronetage of Scotland. T. Reynolds & H. Grace, London 1811.
  • GE Cokayne, et al. (Ed.): The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom / 13 Volumes Bound in 6. (Hardcover), Palgrave Macmillan, 1984, ISBN 031215836X ; Sutton Publishing 2000, ISBN 0904387828 .
  • James Balfour Paul: The Scots peerage. Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom. Volume 3, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Cambridge 2010, ISBN 1-150-84244-X .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Stevenson (transl.): The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham . London 1855, p. 558.
  2. ^ Gospatric, Earl of Northumberland at thepeerage.com