Earl of Strathearn

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Coat of arms of the Earldom of Strathearn

Earl of Strathearn (also Stratherne ) is a hereditary British title of nobility created three times in the Peerage of Scotland and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . Before that, a Mormaer of Strathearn or Earl of Strathearn was the regional provincial ruler of the historic county / Mormaer Strathearn in medieval Scotland .

Awards and history of the title

It is unknown when the old Mormaerdom / Earldom of Strathearn was established. The oldest evidence is the founding deed of Scone Abbey from 1115, in which, as a witness present, Máel Ísu is mentioned for the first time as Earl ( comes ) of Strathearn. In 1138 Aelred von Rievaulx listed him as leader of the Scottish natives on the side of King David I of Scotland in the standard battle. The last prince of this Celtic line was Maol Íosa V, Earl of Strathearn and Jarl of Orkney . This fell from grace in 1344 with King David II , who withdrew his possessions in Strathearn from him, so that he was limited to his possessions acquired in 1331 as the Norwegian Jarl of Orkney .

King David II with letters patent handed over the lands to Maurice Moray and raised him on February 9, 1344 in the Peerage of Scotland to Earl of Strathearn . He was married to the widow of Maol Íosa, 7th Earl of Strathearn , since 1322 , and was the stepson of their daughter. Since he left no male descendants, the title expired on his death in the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346. The lands fell to the Scottish Crown.

In November 1357, the title in the Peerage of Scotland for the High Steward of Scotland , Robert Stewart , was recreated. When Richard II was crowned king on March 26, 1357 , the earl title became extinct by merging with the crown. On the same day, he reassigned the title to his second marriage son, David Stewart . Between 1375 and 1377 he also gave this the title of Earl of Caithness . When his daughter Euphemia Stewart took over the title of 2nd Countess on his death , it was evidently disputed whether these could even be inherited in female inheritance. In 1402 she renounced the Earldom Caithness in favor of her uncle Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl . Her son, Malise Graham, 3rd Earl of Strathearn , the title was revoked between 1424 and 1427 by a male fee and also transferred to the 1st Earl of Atholl. Instead, on September 6, 1427 he was given the title of Earl of Menteith . Walter Stewart, now 1st Earl of Atholl, 3rd Earl of Caithness and 4th Earl of Strathearn, murdered his nephew, King James I , as part of a conspiracy on February 21, 1437 and was then convicted of high treason and executed. His titles were thereby stripped of him.

In 1631, William Graham, 7th Earl of Menteith , the descendant and heir of the 3rd Earl of Strathearn, applied as a legitimate heir to restore the title of Earl of Strathearn in his favor. King Charles I confirmed this claim with Royal Charter in 1631 , but when the king was advised that this claim could also justify a claim to the Scottish throne, the deed was revoked by the Court of Session in 1633 . As compensation, William Graham was given the title of Earl of Airth and the title of Earl of Strathearn was merged onto this.

HRH Prince William , Earl of Strathearn (2011)

With Letters Patent from May 26, 2011, the title was recreated by Queen Elizabeth II in the Peerage of the United Kingdom for her grandson Prince William , together with the titles Duke of Cambridge and Baron Carrickfergus . The ceremony took place on the occasion of his wedding to Catherine Middleton on April 29, 2011.

List of the Earls of Strathearn

Historic Earls / Mormaer of Strathearn (before 1115)

Earls of Strathearn, first bestowal (1344)

Earls of Strathearn, second bestowal (1357)

Earls of Strathearn, third bestowal (1371)

Earls of Strathearn, fourth award (2011)

Title heir ( Heir Apparent ) is the eldest son of the current title holder George of Cambridge (* 2013).

See also

literature

  • Cynthia J. Neville: Native Lordship in Medieval Scotland: the Earldoms of Strathearn and Lennox, c. 1140-1365 . Four Courts Press, Dublin 2005, ISBN 1-85182-890-7 .
  • Cynthia J. Neville: The Earls of Strathearn from the twelfth to the mid fourteenth century, with an edition of their written acts . University of Aberdeen, 1983 ( available online [accessed September 7, 2014] Ph.D. dissertation, 2 volumes).
  • John Anderson: The Ancient Earls of Strathearn . In: James Balfour Paul (Ed.): The Scots Peerage . tape 8 : Somerville-Winton . David Douglas, Edinburgh 1911, p. 239–254 (English, Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ That is, through a special entail agreement through which the next heir in the purely male line took the place of the heir in the female line.
  2. ↑ London Gazette . No. 59798, HMSO, London, June 1, 2011, p. 10297 ( PDF , English).
  3. ^ Cambridge, Duke of (UK, 2011) at Cracroft's Peerage
  4. ^ Titles announced for Prince William and Catherine Middleton . Buckingham Palace. April 29, 2011. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved on April 29, 2011.