Jorge Robledo (Conquistador)
Jorge Robledo (* around 1500 in Spain , † October 5, 1546 in Loma de Pozo, today Pácora in Colombia ) was a Spanish conquistador . He conquered parts of present-day Colombia and founded the cities of Santa Ana de los Caballeros (1539, today: Anserma ), Cartago (1540, today: Pereira ) and Santa Fe de Antioquia (1541). He was sentenced to death and executed by his rival Sebastián de Belalcázar .
Life
Conquest and Colonization
Little is known reliably about Robledo's origins; he may have been born around 1500 in Úbeda , Spain . Reliable reports are only available from the time he was in Peru with Francisco Pizarro . He took part in the conquest of Peru under the command of Sebastián de Belalcázar .
As a captain (capitán) in 1539 he received the order from the governor of Popayán , Lorenzo de Aldana , to conquer the north from Cali and to found cities. With about 100 men, some on foot, some on horseback, he set out on July 14, 1539.
First foundation: what later became Anserma
On August 15, 1539, Robledo founded the city of Santa Ana de los Caballeros , from which today's Anserma developed. There are contradicting reports about Anserma's original name, even two eyewitnesses (Pedro Sarmiento and Cieza de León ) provide different information, although different copies of the same document show differences. The addition “de los Caballeros” can therefore refer to the city or just to the church. The names "Santa María" and "Santa Ana" are mentioned for the church, the city itself is called "Santa Ana" or "San Juan". It is also unclear whether the place name was given by Robledo or Lorenzo de Aldana.
The city was soon renamed Villa de Ancerma by Sebastián de Belalcázar . Today's Anserma is a small town in the southwest of the Departamento de Caldas .
Second foundation: Cartago, today's Pereira
On August 9, 1540, Robledo founded a city, which he named Cartago , after the Spanish city of Cartagena , from which many of his soldiers came. There are also different dates for this establishment. The city of Pereira later developed from this foundation . It was first founded in the name of the King and Marquis Francisco Pizarro on behalf of Lorenzo Aldana, Governor of Popayán.
When Pascual de Andagoya also claimed the title of governor, Robledo met him in Cali in the fall of 1540 . Andagoya promoted him to lieutenant general (Teniente General) and instructed him to carry out the founding of the cities again, this time on behalf of Andagoya. Cartago was founded a second time on January 10, 1541. Robledo appointed two new mayors and another councilor.
In order to bind Robledo tighter to him, Andagoya offered him his younger sister as wife, to which Robledo consented. The wedding did not take place because the bride fell ill and died.
Third foundation: Santa Fe de Antioquia
On another journey of exploration, Robledo founded the town of Santa Fe de Antioquia on December 4, 1541 , about 7 km from today's Peque in the Ebéjico valley.
Captured and returned to Spain
On January 8, 1542, Robledo set off again with twelve companions. He wanted to penetrate north to the Caribbean coast, and from there to travel to Spain to lay claim to the territory he had conquered. On arrival in San Sebastián de Buenavista on March 6th, he was arrested by Pedro de Heredia on charges of usurpation and his gold was confiscated. Robledo received permission to represent his case in Spain, where he arrived on July 25th. Robledo was acquitted of the accusations of usurpation by the local court. Although he was not appointed governor of the conquered territories as he had hoped, he was appointed marshal. At that time he married María de Carvajal, a noblewoman from Úbeda .
Return to America and death
Robledo returned to America with his wife in 1546. He left them in Santo Domingo and set out for Cartago, which he wanted to enlarge and make his capital. While he was recognized as governor in Antioquia, he was opposed in Arma, Cartago and Anserma.
Belalcázar had meanwhile been appointed governor of Popayán and, during Robledo's absence, had ordered the transfer of the city of Santa Fe de Antioquia, which was also carried out in September 1542. The new city was now in the Nore Valley, near today's Frontino . Robledo founded the city again as Villa de Santa Fe .
Belalcázar pushed for Robledo to submit to his rule, but Robledo saw himself as the legal governor of the territories he had conquered, including the settlement of Santiago de Arma , founded in 1542 by Miguel López Muñoz on behalf of Belalcázar.
Robledo and Belalcázar exchanged a few letters, but no one was willing to give up his claim, whereupon Belalcázar sought a military confrontation and met him with 150 men.
Robledo was camped at Loma de Pozo (west of today's Pácora) when he was surprised and captured by Belalcázar on the night of October 1, 1546. Based on letters allegedly found in Robledo's luggage, he was charged with high treason and sentenced to death. He was denied the professional decapitation, the sentence was carried out on October 5, 1546 with the garrote . Three of his officers were executed along with Robledo.
coat of arms
During his stay in Spain, Robledo was granted a coat of arms by Prince Philip on February 7, 1545 . The three silver towers depicted in it stand for the three cities he founded.
Today's city of Anserma has adopted this coat of arms. Bats and a soaring lion can also be found on the coat of arms of Santa Fe de Antioquia, which, like Robledo's coat of arms, was used on February 7, 1545, and since 1982 also Robledo's place of death Pácora.
Individual evidence
- ^ Anserma Caldas: Historia. Retrieved January 17, 2014 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b c Mildreth Osorio Posso, Marcelo Andrés Torres Marín: Cartago. Historia. (No longer available online.) June 9, 2010, archived from the original on May 2, 2012 ; Retrieved January 20, 2014 (Spanish, Osorio and Torres discuss the various traditions and their reliability). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Luis Guillermo Vicuña L .: RESEÑA HISTORICA DE CARTAGO. Retrieved January 17, 2014 (Spanish).
- ↑ Cartago. Gobernación del Valle del Cauca, April 24, 2006, accessed on January 17, 2014 (Spanish): "Porque casi todos los compañeros de Jorge Robledo eran oriundos de Cartagena (España)"
- ↑ a b c d José Gabriel Baena, Gustavo Vives Mejía: Santa Fé de Antioquia. Breve monografía. (PDF) (No longer available online.) 2002, pp. 2, 17 , archived from the original on October 1, 2011 ; Retrieved January 17, 2014 (Spanish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Acosta de Samper mentions San Sebastián de Buenavista
- ↑ Escudo de armas. Retrieved February 2, 2014 (Spanish).
- ↑ Sitio web del municipio Santa Fe de Antioquia en Antioquia. Alcaldía de Santa Fe de Antioquia, accessed February 2, 2014 (Spanish, the city's coat of arms is on the top left of the page).
- ↑ Pacora. escudo. Secretaría de Cultura de Caldas, July 25, 2009, accessed February 2, 2014 (Spanish).
literature
- Emilio Robledo: El mariscal Jorge Robledo. Ministerio de Educación Nacional, Bogotá. 1955.
- Soledad Acosta de Samper: Jorge Robledo. In: Biografías de hombres ilustres ó notables, relativas á la época del descubrimiento, conquista y colonización de la parte de América denominada actualmente EE. UU. de Colombia . Imprenta de la luz, Bogotá 1883. pp. 288–299 (online: scan of the original, 4 MB as PDF , newly set for the Biblioteca Virtual del Banco de la República 2005 ).
Web links
- Mildreth Osorio Posso, Marcelo Andrés Torres Marín: Cartago. Historia (Spanish)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Robledo, Jorge |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Spanish conquistador, conqueror and city founder in Colombia |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1500 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Spain |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 5, 1546 |
| Place of death | Loma de Pozo, today Pácora , Colombia |